臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

林木的根系生長在地下，不易觀察其生長發育狀況，但瞭解不同樹種根系型態及分布樣式，在育林或水土保持上都有重要應用價值。本研究將8種台灣原生闊葉樹種一年生苗木栽植於長12 m，寬2 m，高1.0 m的大型容器內，目的是為了在收穫後觀察其根系生長及分布狀況。供試樹種包括苦楝、光臘樹、茄冬及樟樹等4種陽性樹種，以及烏心石、棋盤腳、恆春楨楠及蓮葉桐等4種中等耐陰樹種。栽植11個月後，發現苦楝樹高生長最大，達336 cm，其次為茄冬、光臘樹及樟樹，樹高在160-200 cm範圍。在根系生物量分配方面，蓮葉桐根部生物量為全株生物量的54%，苦楝約為40%，光臘樹、茄冬、樟樹、烏心石及棋盤腳約為30%，而恆春楨楠僅有11%。苦楝粗根佔全部根系重量的96%，茄冬、樟樹及棋盤腳則約80%，光臘樹、烏心石、恆春楨楠及蓮葉桐在50-70%範圍。在根系垂直深度方面，苦楝、茄冬、樟樹、棋盤腳及蓮葉桐可超過60 cm深，而光臘樹、烏心石及恆春楨楠只達45 cm。在根系水平分布方面，苦楝可長達331 cm，茄冬及樟樹可達100 cm以上，光臘樹、烏心石、棋盤腳及蓮葉桐在51-100 cm範圍，而恆春楨楠則少於50 cm。供試樹種根系垂直深度及水平分布，均與各樹種的樹高具顯著正相關。苦楝根系水平分布面積可高達8.81 m2，茄冬為2.33 m2，樟樹為1.06 m2，其餘樹種均未超過1 m2。供試樹種屬於主根性者為苦楝、樟樹、烏心石及蓮葉桐；根系無主根者為光臘樹、茄冬及恆春楨楠，但這些樹種的側根分枝較為發達；棋盤腳主根不明顯，但根系常有3-4個生長健壯的分枝。本研究於試驗後發現供試8樹種在根系型態及分布樣式會有不同差異，苦楝、茄冬、樟樹及蓮葉桐的根系生長較旺盛且分支較多；棋盤腳雖分支較少，但根系生長較其他樹種粗壯；光臘樹、烏心石及恆春楨楠根系生長並不旺盛。

A tree root system grows under the ground, it is not easy to observe its growth and development. But, to understand the root types and distribution patterns of different species is important to applications in silviculture and soil and water conservation. I planted 8 kinds of one year-old seedlings of Taiwan native broadleaf species in large vessels with 12 m in length, 2 m in width, and 1 m in heigh. The objectives of this research was to observe the root growth and distribution after harvest. Experimental tree species included Melia azedarach, Fraxinus formosana, Bischofia javanica, and Cinnamomum camphora which are shade-intolerant species, and Michelia compressa, Barringtonia asiatica, Machilus obovatifolia and Hernandia Sonora which are medium shade-tolerant species. 11 months After planting I discovered that M. azedarach had the biggest growth height of 336 cm, followed by B. javanica, F. formosana and C. camphora with growth height of 160-200 cm. Regarding the biomass allocation in root againt the whole tree, it was 54% for H. Sonora, 40% for M. azedarach, 30% for F. formosana, B. javanica, C. camphora, M. compressa and B. asiatica and 11% for M. obovatifolia. Regarding the biomass allocation in coarse root against the whole root, it was 96% for M. azedarach, 80% for B. javanica, C. camphora and B. asiatica, and 50-70% F. formosana, M. compressa, M. obovatifolia and H. Sonora. Regarding the depth of root, it was over 60 cm for M. azedarach, B. javanica, C. camphora, B. asiatica and H. Sonora, and 45 cm for F. formosana, M. compressa and M. obovatifolia. Regarding the width of root, it was 331 cm for M. azedarach, over 100 cm for B. javanica and C. camphora, 51-100 cm for F. formosana, M. compressa, B. asiatica and H. Sonorain, and less than 50 cm for M. obovatifoliais. The depth and width of the experimental trees showed of significant positive correlation with the height. Regarding the horizontal area of the root distribution, it was 8.81 m2 for M. azedarach, 2.33 m2 for B. javanica, 1.06 m2 for C. camphora, 1 m2 for the other. Regarding the root type, M. azedarach, C. camphora, M. compressa and H. Sonora had one single major root; F. formosana, B. javanica and M. obovatifolia had no major root, but with more than 10 major branches, and B. asiaticais had 3-4 major roots. The 8 species had their different root types and distribution patterns. M. azedarach, B. javanica, C. camphora, and H. Sonora had heavier root growth. B. asiatica had less root branches but each larger than other. F. formosana, M. compressa, and M. obovatifolia had lighter roots.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
圖表目錄 IX
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
一、根系形態的類別 3
二、生物量分配 6
三、根系分布 7
四、林木根系生物量測定方法 8
參、材料與方法 10
一、試驗樹種及樣木 10
二、製作植物根系觀察箱 13
(一)製作觀察根系不同深度的立體網格 13
(二)裝設觀察箱外壁 13
(三)試驗介質 14
三、試驗樣木栽植於根系觀察箱 14
四、量測根系分布 15
五、計算根系水平面積 15
六、收穫生物量 16
肆、結果 17
一、供試樹種的生長表現 17
二、供試樹種生物量分配 20
三、供試樹種的細根及粗根重量及根系分布樣式 22
(一)各樹種細根及粗根的重量及比例 22
(二)供試樹種根系分布樣式 23
(三)根系水平寬度及垂直深度分布 24
(四)各樹種根系水平面積 25
(五)供試樹種之根系型態 26
(六)根系水平或垂直分布與樹高的關係 29
伍、討論 30
一、不同樹種在生長上的差異 30
二、生物量分配 31
三、根系分布樣式 32
(一)根系水平分布長度及垂直深度 32
(二)粗根及細根生物量之比例 33
(三)各樹種根系之分型 33
四、本試驗於未來之應用 34
陸、結論 35
柒、參考文獻 36
作者簡介 43

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