臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以電解回收法瞭解廢定影液中回收金屬銀之可行性，以低電流電解在電流為0.1A、0.3A、0.5A、0.7A及0.9A下，於8小時電解後，其銀回收效率分別為10.57%、11.75%、45.5%、62.68%、83.88%，以0.9A電解8小時其銀之回收效率為83.88%較其他電流電解佳，電解0.9A且pH值控制於3、4、5、原液(pH=6.09)、7、8、9及10於8小時後其銀回收效率分別為96.04%、84.66%、81.54%、83.88%、99.09%、100%、98.63%及81.20%，由數據得知電解0.9A在pH為8時其電解銀回收率約為100%，故可知以0.9A電解其銀回收效率在pH=8時最佳。而高電流電解於3A電解6小時後得知電解3.5小時銀之回收效率已達98.64%，若電解至6小時時其銀回收效率反而下降至96.36%，因此選定最適電解時間為3.5小時；控制pH值為8且電解2.5小時則結果發現其電解時間不但減少1小時且電解銀之回收效率可由98.64%提升至99.55%。若將兩者比較之下可得知其兩者回收效率相差不大，若以時間為考量則以電解3A具有較佳之處理效能。
而銀回收後之廢定影液仍含高濃度COD，實驗取銀回收後之定影廢液1000mL加入30mL硫酸為較佳前處理，其COD去除效率為42%，再進行8A電解6小時COD濃度可降解至32,054.80mg/L，其去除效率為35%，若將前處理後之定影廢液調整不同pH值時與電解8A之處理效能差異不大，但於經濟效益的考量下則以電解氧化法較為適當。
　　另未經前處理後之定影廢液直接以蒸餾濃縮的方式處理COD時，則COD去除效率為99.3%，但濃縮部分之委託代處理收費高，需更進一步瞭解較適當的處理技術；而化學沈澱方面亦取未經前處理之定影廢液取100mL直接加入含鈣物質則以添加30g氯化鈣對COD的降解有較佳的情形，COD去除效率僅達25.82%，但其去除效率不高且添加的藥量甚多較不符合經濟效益。

This study’s focus is on the recovery of silver from the spent fixer by electrolysis. Electric currents of 0.1A, 0.3A, 0.5A, 0.7A, 0.9A were applied for 8 hours. Examination showed that after electrolysis the silver recovery efficiencies are 10.57%, 11.75%, 45.5%, 62.68% and 83.88% respectively. The results show that the most efficient recovery of silver was with an electric current of 0.9A electrolysis for 8 hours, and when the spent fixer was with adjusted pH values of 3, 4, 5, 6.09, 7, 8, 9 and 10. It was found that at pH 8, with an electrolytic time of 8 hours and electric current of 0.9A the silver recovery was up to 100%. Our results also showed that with an electric current of 3A the recovery efficiency of silver was 98.64% in 3.5 hours, and if the electrolytic time was 6 hours, the efficiency of silver recovery will decrease to 96.36%. When the electrolytic time is 2.5 hours and with an electric current of 3A that was found the silver recovery increased to 99.55%, at pH8. Both comparison, under similar efficiency of silver recovery, it is considered the time the better treatment method is electrolysis with 3A.
Spent fixer still has high concentrations of COD after electrolysis, and the 1000mL waste fixer after silver recovery adds 30mL sulphuric acid, the COD removal efficiency is 42%. When 8A oxidation electrolysis is applied for 6 hours, the COD of fixer will decrease to 32,054.80mg/L, the COD removal efficiency is 35%. The adjust different pH values and the 8A electrolysis oxidation, both comparison, under similar efficiency of COD removal, the COD treatment assessment of economic benefits it shows that at 8A electrolysis oxidation will be good choice.
When the non-pretreated spent fixer is treated by distillation thickener to remove COD, the COD removal efficiency is 99.3%. But the thick parts product sludge need to contract the commission deal with high treatment cost. Thus, further study on proper treatment methods still needs to be done. hence it still need to study further proper treatment method. In chemical sediment, we were taken non-pretreated the spent fixer 100mL and add 30g calcium chloride, our results show that the best COD degrading efficiency has a removal efficiency of 25.82%. Still, it is not economical because the COD removal wastes large amounts of chemicals.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
誌　　謝 V
圖 目 錄 IX
表 目 錄 XI
一、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
二、文獻回顧 3
2.1 照相廢液之基本性質 3
2.2 銀之基本特性 11
2.3 照相沖印之流程及原理 12
2.4 含銀廢液之回收處理方法 15
2.4.1 電解回收 15
2.4.2 化學沈澱法 15
2.4.3 離子交換法 16
2.4.4 金屬置換 16
2.5 金屬電解析出原理 18
2.6 電解氧化法 20
2.6.1 電解直接氧化 20
2.6.2 電解間接氧化 20
2.6.3 電解氧化影響因子 21
2.7 照相沖印廢水處理 23
2.7.1 生物法處理 23
2.7.2 電化學法 26
2.8 FENTON 法對有機物之去除能力 27
2.9 ELECTRO-FENTON 法之原理 28
2.10 國內含銀廢液處理現況 30
2.11 國內處理廢定影液之實例簡介 31
2.11.1 案例一：廢定顯影液處理設施試運轉計畫報告 31
2.11.2 案例二：照相沖洗廢液回收處理技術 33
三、研究材料與方法 34
3.1 實驗流程 34
3.2 實驗藥品 34
3.3 實驗設備 35
3.4 實驗方法 36
3.4.1 樣品來源 36
3.4.2 電解銀回收法 37
3.4.3 COD去除效率之研究 38
3.4.4 分析方法 38
3.5 實驗步驟 42
3.5.1 電解銀回收法 42
3.5.2 COD降解 42
四、結果與討論 44
4.1 電解回收銀之研究 44
4.1.1 低電流電解 44
4.1.2 高電流電解 50
4.1.3 鍛燒實驗 53
4.1.4 銀之精煉 54
4.1.5電解回收銀之總結 57
4.2 COD降解之研究 57
4.2.1電解試驗 58
4.2.2 濃縮試驗 63
4.2.3 化學沈澱法 64
4.2.4 COD去除情形之總結 67
　　4.3 廢定影液之TOC檢測數據 69
　　4.4 經濟效益分析 69
五、結論與建議 73
　　5.1 結論 73
　　5.2 建議 74
參考文獻 75
附錄 79

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