臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在原油煉製的過程中蒸餾、裂解、重組、純化等煉製過程，會產出丙烷、丁烷等易燃氣體；另在去除油品中之硫含量，加氫脫硫製程會產生硫化氫。丙烷、硫化氫皆屬易燃性物質稍加不慎極可能造成可燃性及毒性物質外洩或爆炸。
在工廠的運轉過程中，維持整體廠區之安全性及穩定性是每一工廠所追求的目標。但活動的過程中，仍無法並免意外事故的發生，故建立意外事故災害發生時之可能影響範圍及處理對策刻不容緩。
石化廠製程操作大多含有腐蝕性流體，長年性運轉下可能對設備管路造成損傷；進而發生洩漏引起工安事故。因高群聚密集度下，發生意外事故時不單只對自身廠區人員設備產生危害，進可能波及鄰近廠區作業員工。因此，本研究使用風險評估軟體ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres), SLAM(Sedgwick Loss Assessment Model)，模擬丙烷及硫化氫物質，從儲存設備外洩後發生蒸氣雲爆炸及可能危害區域之影響範圍及程度。作為廠區建廠前運轉設備和控制室之配置規劃檢討。同時，亦可提供作為運轉中之工廠，作為廠區災害模擬及緊急 應變程序之計畫及執行之依據。能使廠區在不慎發生意外洩漏事故時，能在第一時間管制可能危害區域，並作有效之搶救佈線使人員災受之傷害降至最低。

The crude oil can already refine out thousands of kinds of petrochemical industry raw materials products. Refining course , such processes as distilling , catalytic cracking , catalytic reforming, alkylation ,etc. in this process produces flammable gas , such as propane , butane ,etc.; in order to desulfuration content of product oil , hydridesulfurization process unit can be produced hydrogen sulfide. The propane and hydrogen sulfide are flammable material causes carelessly a little and leak or explodes.
In the course of operation of the factory, the security and stability of maintaining the whole factory are every factory’s objective. But in the course of the activity, it is still unable to avoid the emergence of the contingency, so set up the possible coverage when contingency calamity happens and deal with the countermeasure very urgently.
The equipment in petrochemical factory could contain corrosively fluid mostly to operate, long-term operation is it might to damage to the equipment and pipeline It causes takes place leakage and accident. Because the high density of population, not merely only harmful to personnel and equipments of one''s own factory when the contingency happens, entering may involve the people outside the factory. Therefore, his research uses ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) and SLAM (Sedgwick Loss Assessment Model), simulation propane and hydrogen sulfide, to simulate the consequence of release or explosion for hazard material. The disposition of equipment and control room planned and examined before the construct. At the same time, can also offer and regard as the factory while operating, as factory calamity simulation and the plan of the urgent emergency procedure and basis of execution. Can make factory at not meeting accident the leakage accident carelessly, may endanger the area to can control as soon as possible , and it is lowest to do effective rescue and connect up to make personnel''s calamity dropped to by its injury.

中文摘要 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
符號說明 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
一、 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 研究緣起-------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 研究動機與目的----------------------------------------------------- 2
二、 文獻回顧-------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.1 丙烷、硫化氫於石化工廠使用現況與特性說明-------------- 3
2.1.1 丙烷-------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.1.2 硫化氫----------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2 國內外石化工業可燃性物質災變回顧-------------------------- 4
2.3 意外事件燃燒和爆炸現象及模式說明-------------------------- 7
2.3.1 可燃性物質洩漏發生原因探討----------------------------------- 7
2.3.1.1 由塔槽容器洩漏--------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.3.1.2 輸送管路破裂洩漏-------------------------------------------------- 8
2.3.1.3 塔槽內部壓力瞬間釋出-------------------------------------------- 9
2.3.2 洩漏型態-------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.3.3 洩漏模式說明-------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.4 常用風險分析技術介紹-------------------------------------------- 13
2.5 模擬軟體選用說明-------------------------------------------------- 16
三、 研究方向與流程----------------------------------------------------- 18
3.1 研究流程步驟-------------------------------------------------------- 18
3.2 石化工廠操作現況說明-------------------------------------------- 19
3.3 確定模擬模式之相關條件----------------------------------------- 19
3.3.1 危害物物性資料----------------------------------------------------- 20
3.3.2 危害物儲存設備基本資料----------------------------------------- 20
3.4 危害分析事件選擇-------------------------------------------------- 21
3.5 欲模擬之危害情境-------------------------------------------------- 21
3.5.1 ALOHA模式--------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.5.2 SLAM模式----------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.6 ALOHA模擬情境氣象條件參數設定--------------------------- 21
3.6.1 地表粗糙度----------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.6.2 大氣穩定度----------------------------------------------------------- 22
3.6.3 氣象條件-------------------------------------------------------------- 23
3.6.3.1 風速和風向----------------------------------------------------------- 23
3.6.3.2 溼度-------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
3.7 地圖資料-------------------------------------------------------------- 26
3.8 評估基準之選擇----------------------------------------------------- 27
四、 結果與討論----------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.1 ALOHA模擬結果分析--------------------------------------------- 32
4.1.1 硫化氫----------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.1.1.1 蒸氣雲爆炸影響範圍----------------------------------------------- 32
4.1.1.2 溫度、風速和裂縫尺寸對蒸氣雲爆炸之影響------------------ 34
4.1.1.3 延遲點火對爆壓範圍之影響-------------------------------------- 38
4.1.1.4 硫化氫洩漏可燃性物質危險區域擴散情形-------------------- 45
4.1.1.5 硫化氫外洩毒性之影響範圍----------------------------------------- 51
4.1.1.6 硫化氫毒化物外洩現場控制區域劃分----------------------------- 56
4.1.2 丙烷------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
4.1.2.1 丙烷洩漏後危險區域模擬--------------------------------------------- 58
4.1.2.2 丙烷蒸氣雲爆炸影響範圍分析-------------------------------------- 62
4.3 SLAM丙烷蒸氣雲爆炸後果損失分析模擬----------------------- 68
五、 結論-------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
參考文獻 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75

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