臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

文化詞是字幕翻譯中經常引發討論的一大議題，因為譯者不僅需要面對兩種截然不同的語言與文化，也必須克服字幕的時間與空間限制，利用翻譯策略產出譯文，幫助觀眾理解外來文化詞。雖然目前已有多位學者提出文化詞的字幕翻譯策略，不過策略模型多自歐美語系觀點發展而來，不見得適用於其他語系，因此本研究旨在探討文化詞翻譯策略於中文字幕之應用。
本研究參考嘉登（Gottlieb）提出的字幕翻譯策略，並比較奈德加德拉森 （Nedergaard-Larsen）、嘉登（Gottlieb）、狄亞茲辛塔司（Díaz-Cintas）與拉梅爾（Remael）及佩德森（Pedersen）所提出的文化詞翻譯策略，最後因為佩德森（Pedersen）的模型最完整，決定以其作為資料分析之架構。此模型中的策略分別為保留（retention）、闡明（specification）、直譯（direct translation）、概述（generalization）、替換（substitution）、刪除（omission）與既定翻譯（official equivalent），本研究利用上述策略分析十五部英語電影中的文化詞翻譯，以求找出中文字幕文化詞翻譯之特性。
結果顯示佩德森（Pedersen）的策略模型無法完全適用於中文字幕，原因有三。首先，同音異字是中文字幕文化詞翻譯之特性，佩德森（Pedersen）之模型無法解釋此現象；接著，資料中未出現直譯（direct translation）與語境替換(situational substitution) 之應用，表示這兩種策略可能鮮少運用在中文字幕上。另外，此模型也出現可信度落差（credibility gap）與效果不彰（negative effect）的情況，不過這些問題大多可以用闡明（specification）、概述（generalization）、替換（substitution）與既定翻譯（official equivalent）來處理，其中在本研究裡又以概述（generalization）最廣為使用。
本研究在翻譯學的範疇中，首次以中文視角主導文化詞之字幕研究，並根據研究結果提出新模型。此模型以佩德森（Pedersen）的策略為基礎，並依中文字幕文化詞之特性，刪除中文字幕翻譯中較不適用之直譯（direct translation）和語境替換（situational substitution）兩策略，並納入同音異字(Homophone)之策略，發展出中文字幕專屬之文化詞翻譯策略，以供譯者與學界運用。

Culture-bound terms are a significant issue in subtitling translation, since subtitlers need to deal with two languages and cultures concurrently within the temporal and spatial restrictions in subtitles. In this sense, rendering strategies for culture-bound terms are usually deployed to produce translations that help the target audience to understand foreign culture-bound terms. Most of the current strategy models of culture-bound terms are developed from Western language systems, which might not be viable in other language systems. Consequently, this thesis focuses on investigating whether these strategy models of culture-bound terms could be applied in Chinese subtitles.
With regard to the general subtitling strategies proposed by Gottlieb (1992), this thesis compares the types of strategies devised by Nedergaard-Larsen (1993), Gottlieb (2009), Díaz Cintas and Remael (2007), and Pedersen (2011), and later adopts Pedersen’s model as its analytical framework, since it is currently the most complete model. His model includes the strategies of retention, specification, direct translation, generalization, substitution, omission and official equivalent. These strategies are used to examine examples from fifteen English-language films.
The results show that the strategy model proposed by Pedersen (2011) may not be sufficiently applied in Chinese subtitles. First of all, the use of homophones is a characteristic of the translation of culture-bound terms in Chinese subtitles, which is not included in his model. Next, the use of direct translation and situational substitution are not found in the collected data, indicating that these strategies might not be used frequently in Chinese subtitles. Moreover, problems such as credibility gaps and negative effects are caused in some cases of Chinese subtitle translation. Fortunately, such problems can be solved by applying the strategies of specification, generalization, substitution, and official equivalent. The data analysis shows that generalization is mostly used to solve these problems.
Consequently, this thesis proposes a new model based on Pedersen’s strategies and modified with the characteristics of culture-bound terms in Chinese subtitles. In the new model, the strategies of direct translation and situational substitution are eliminated but the strategy of homophone is added. This model sheds light on subtitling of culture-bound terms from a Chinese linguistic perspective in Translation studies.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables v
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objective and Questions 3
1.3 Outline of the Thesis 4
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Review of Subtitle Studies 6
2.2 Translation of Culture-bound Terms 14
2.3 Subtitling Strategies 22
Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 29
3.1 Introduction to the Selected Data 29
3.2 Data Collection and Presentation 33
3.3 The Development of the Analysis Framework 34
Chapter 4 DATA ANALYSIS 42
4.1 Substitution 42
4.2 Specification 49
4.3 Generalization 55
4.4 Retention 60
4.5 Omission 63
4.6 Official equivalent 67
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION 74
5.1 Findings 74
5.2 Discussion: A Modified Model for Chinese Subtitles 78
5.3 Significance and Limitations 81
References 82
Appendix- The Examples 88

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