臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統的健身方式通常需要教練在側一對一指導。且教練僅能以肉眼觀察學員的外部表現狀況，利用制式化的訓練內容來指導，不能從學員當下的內部生理狀況調整訓練強度。因此，本研究希望藉由進行二頭肌彎舉訓練時，觀察受測者之即時生理狀態，適時調整訓練內容。希望學員於自主訓練時不僅能達到訓練的力量增益，也同時降低過度訓練的風險。
本研究於進行二頭肌彎舉訓練時 (一)同時錄製肌電訊號(EMG)，並將肌肉的放電狀態分成不同的疲勞階段，(二) 根據當前肌肉狀態決定一套最適合個人且具調適性的訓練內容。本研究招募了十六位尚未經過訓練的男性受測者(22.5±2.0歲; 173.0±5.9公分, 65.3±7.3公斤)參與10-RM的二頭肌彎舉訓練，受測者將會進行一週兩次且為期十二週的訓練計畫，在計畫中，受測者會被分配到疲勞組(8人)或非疲勞組(8人)的實驗組進行訓練，疲勞組訓練內容為必須舉滿三組各為十下的訓練，而非疲勞組則是不需舉滿三組各為十下的訓練，其第二組及第三組所需完成的目標次數會根據前一組的肌肉狀態來決定(人工標記)。在十二週訓練計畫過程中，會記錄10-RM的成長、MVC(訓練前、訓練後)、手臂臂圍(放鬆、用力)、手臂肌肉重量。資料分析方法採用雙樣本T檢定來觀察兩實驗組之間有無顯著差異，顯著水準為0.05。疲勞組與非疲勞組分別的結果顯示為(1) 10-RM 成長 19.31%與 20.33% (p = 0.78) (2) MVC(實驗前) 成長8.25% 與10.28% (p = 0.61); MVC(實驗後) 成長 5.72% 與4.48% (p = 0.68) (3) 臂圍(放鬆) 成長 2.10% 與2.71% (p = 0.60); 臂圍(用力) 成長1.06% 與1.14% (p = 0.91) (4) 手臂肌肉重量成長1.55% 與 1.74% (p = 0.86)。統計結果發現，疲勞組與非疲勞組在各評量指標下並沒有顯著差異。經本研究證實，根據受測者之即時生理狀態來調整訓練強度，不僅能達成一樣的力量增益亦降低過度訓練的風險。因此，本研究建議學員於自主訓練時進行非疲勞組訓練方式。
*RM : 最大反覆次數 *MVC : 最大自主收縮

Traditional fitness requires an instructor to guide the trainee one by one, while the fitness instructor usually guides the trainee by observing their behavioral outcomes. Instead of adjusting the training intensity according to the trainees’ current physiological status, the trainee is usually asked to follow the standardized training program. The objective of this study was to develop a biofeedback training system that responsively adjusts the training intensity according to the trainees’ instant physiological status. In this study, sixteen healthy and untrained males (N = 16, 22.5 ± 2.0 years; 173.0 ± 5.9 cm, 65.3 ± 7.3 kg) participated in a program consisted of a proposed 10 repetition maximum (10-RM) biceps brachii curls protocol. Subjects undertook s sessions of biceps brachii curls training per week for 12 weeks. Two experimental groups were designed either to perform 3 complete sets of 10 repetitions (Fatigue Group) or perform 3 incomplete sets of 10 repetitions (Unfatigue Group), that is, the repetitions of set 2 and set 3 will be determined by the previous state of muscle conditions of subjects (manual mark). Here, surface EMG was measured and analyzed to identify the muscle conditions. During the12 weeks training, the measurement of MVC (before and after), growth of 10 RM load, arm circumference (relaxed and forced) of biceps brachii muscle, and muscle mass of arm, were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using two-sample t-test. The alpha level was 0.05. Results between Fatigue group and Unfatigue group showed respectively that (1) 10-RM improved 19.31% and 20.33% (p = 0.78) (2) MVC-before improved 8.25% and 10.28% (p = 0.61); MVC-after improved 5.72% and 4.48% (p = 0.68) (3) arm circumference-relax improved 2.10% and 2.71% (p = 0.60); arm circumference-force improved 1.06% and 1.14% (p = 0.91) (4) muscle mass improved 1.55% and 1.74% (p = 0.86). The results showed that there were no significant differences between two groups. Therefore, this study showed strong evidences that the proposed training program (according to the trainer’s current muscle condition) not only achieve the similar gain of strength (compared to the Fatigue Group), but also decreases the risk of overtraining. Therefore, the training method of Unfatigue Group was suggested for untrained men for self-fitness.
*RM (Repetition Maximum) *MVC (Maximum voluntary contraction)

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
Content VI
List of Figures IX
List of Tables XII
1. Introduction 1
2. Background 3
2.1 Bodybuilding 3
2.1.1 Biceps brachii contraction curls 5
2.1.2 Muscular Contraction Types 6
2.1.3 RM (Repetition Maximum) 7
2.1.4 MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) 7
2.2 Objective measurement 8
2.2.1 EMG (Electromyography) 8
2.2.2 X-SCAN - body composition analysis machine 9
3. Experiment 10
3.1 Subjects 10
3.2 Experiment Design 11
3.2.1 Schedule and S.O.P. 11
3.2.2 EMG Signal Measurement 12
3.2.3 States Classification 14
3.3 Group Classification 20
3.4 Experiment Method 23
3.4.1 Reassessed 10 RM 23
3.4.2 One-arm contraction curls 24
3.4.3 Questionnaire and Warm Up 26
3.4.4 MVC (Maximum voluntary contraction) 27
3.4.5 Three sets of biceps brachii muscle curls 29
4. Results 30
4.1 Grouping Result 31
4.2 Dynamic Contraction Strength Assessment (10RM) 32
4.2.1 (AD) 10 RM loads 32
4.2.2 (GR) 10 RM loads 34
4.3 Static Contraction Strength Assessment (MVC) 36
4.3.1 (AD) MVC-before 36
4.3.2 (GR) MVC-before 38
4.3.3 (AD) MVC-after 40
4.3.4 (GR) MVC-after 42
4.4 Growth ratio of arm circumference 44
4.4.1 (AD) Arm circumference-relaxed 44
4.4.2 (GR) Arm circumference-relaxed 46
4.4.3 (AD) Arm circumference-forced 48
4.4.4 (GR) Arm circumference-forced 50
4.5 Growth ratio of Muscle Mass 52
4.5.1 (AD) Muscle Mass 52
4.5.2 (GR) Muscle mass 54
4.6 Questionnaire of soreness of biceps brachii muscle 56
5. Conclusions 57
6. Discussions 58
6.1 Related works comparison 58
6.2 Growth of MVC 59
6.3 Error of X-SCAN machine 60
6.4 Sweet Phase and 80% rule 62
7. Future works 65
7.1 Different training intensity 65
7.2 A biofeedback detection tool 65
7.3 Machine learning database 66
7.4 Reduce Computational complexity 66
7.5 Antagonistic muscle training 67
8. Reference 68

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