臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

卵磷脂(lecithin; phosphatidylcholine)由膽鹼(choline)、脂肪酸、甘油及磷酸所組成，而膽鹼為合成乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine; ACh)-神經傳導物質(neurotransmitter)的重要前驅物質。長時間耐力運動時，需運用體內大量的膽鹼合成乙醯膽鹼，作為膽素激導性神經訊息的傳遞，刺激肌肉細胞反應以牽動骨骼肌系統完成運動的動作。本實驗以13名男性羽球選手為對象，隨機分為卵磷脂組及安慰劑組，分別進行60%最大攝氧量耐力運動測試，一週後，分別於運動前一小時給予14.4克大豆卵磷脂或安慰劑(麥芽糊精)的補充做同樣的耐力運動測試，探討大豆卵磷脂的補充對羽球選手生理變化與耐力運動表現之影響。結果顯示，進行長時間耐力運動測試之運動前後血糖濃度無顯著差異，運動後血清游離脂肪酸及血乳酸顯著高於運動前，運動後血漿膽鹼顯著低於運動前。卵磷脂補充後使運動前後血漿膽鹼無顯著差異，但對血糖及血清游離脂肪酸濃度的變化沒有影響；對最大心跳率和最大攝氧量亦沒有顯著的影響。然而，卵磷脂補充後能增加運動過程中的呼吸交換率及運動後的血乳酸濃度，並延長了運動耗竭時間(time of exhaustion)。因此，卵磷脂的增補能促進體內醣類氧化供能，並提供運動過程中穩定的血漿膽鹼濃度，以合成乙醯膽鹼作為神經衝動的傳導，具有延緩中樞疲勞提早發生，促進耐力運動表現的效果。

Choline, an important precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter- acetylcholine (ACh), along with fatty acid, glycerol and phophorous acid, are the components of lecithin (phosphatidylcholine). A substantial amount of choline is required to synthesize acetylcholine in cholinergic activation on the skeletal muscles during prolonged exercise. Thirteen badminton male players were randomly divided into two groups (lecithin or placebo group) and performed prolonged exercise at 60% VO2max work load. After one week, the subjects either ingest 14.4 g lecithin or placebo (malto dextrin) one hour before the same prolonged exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of supplemental lecithin on the physiological responses and exercise performance of badminton players. The results showed that there were no significant differences in serum glucose concentrations of pre- and post-exercise, but higher serum free fatty acids and serum lactate concentrations at post-exercise than pre-exercise (p0.05), and lower plasma choline concentrations at post-exercise than pre-exercise (p0.05). After lecithin supplement, there was no significant difference in the concentration of plasma choline. The supplemental lecithin would not affect the concentrations of serum glucose and serum free fatty acids, maximal respiratory exchange ratio and maximal oxygen uptake, but longer time of exhaustion, higher respiratory exchange ratio and serum lactate of post-exercise by lecithin supplementation. In summary, the effect of lecithin supplementation would promote carbohydrate oxidative metabolism and maintain plasma choline concentration for the synthesis of the acetylcholine during endurance exercise that could delay fatigue and significant improvement on endurance exercise performance.

第一章 緒言 …………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機 …………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的 …………………………………… 2
第三節 研究假設 …………………………………… 2
第四節 研究範圍與限制 …………………………… 3
第二章 文獻回顧 …………………………………… 4
第一節 卵磷脂的功效 ……………………………… 4
一、何謂卵磷脂 …………………………………… 4
二、卵磷脂的來源 ………………………………… 5
三、卵磷脂與膽鹼的吸收與代謝 ………………… 5
(一) 卵磷脂的代謝 …………………………… 8
(二) 膽鹼的代謝 ……………………………… 8
四、卵磷脂的功效及其重要性 …………………… 10
(一) 卵磷脂對肝臟的保護作用 ……………… 10
(二) 卵磷脂或膽鹼對脂質代謝的影響 ……… 10
(三) 卵磷脂在免疫機能中的重要角色 ……… 11
(四) 卵磷脂在神經系統的重要性 …………… 12
五、毒性 …………………………………………… 12
第二節 耐力運動之能量代謝 …………………………… 13
一、運動之供能系統 ………………………………… 13
(一) 運動持續時間和能量的利用 ……………… 13
(二) 運動強度與能量的利用 …………………… 14
二、影響耐力運動疲勞之因子 ……………………… 14
(一) 肌醣、肝醣耗竭與低血糖 ………………… 14
(二) 脂解作用引發的中樞疲勞 ………………… 15
(三) 乳酸堆積 …………………………………… 15
三、神經系統對運動疲勞之影響 …………………… 16
(一) 神經系統與運動之關係 …………………… 17
1. 神經系統的誘發反應 …………………… 17
2. 肌肉牽動骨骼系統的作用 ……………… 17
(二) 神經傳導物質--乙醯膽鹼 ………………… 17
1. 乙醯膽鹼在神經系統中的重要角色 …… 17
2. 乙醯膽鹼的合成與代謝 ………………… 18
3. 乙醯膽鹼對運動疲勞的影響 …………… 19
第三節 卵磷脂的增補對運動表現之效應 …………… 21
一、運動對膽鹼及乙醯膽鹼濃度之影響 …………… 21
二、卵磷脂的增補對膽鹼及乙醯膽鹼濃度之影響 … 21
三、卵磷脂的增補對運動表之影響 ………………… 23
第三章 材料與方法 …………………………………… 25
第一節 研究對象 ……………………………………… 25
第二節 實驗設計 ……………………………………… 25
第三節 實驗處理 ……………………………………… 26
第四節 實驗流程 ……………………………………… 27
第五節 實驗項目與分析方法 ………………………… 29
一、體脂肪測量 ………………………………………29
二、最大攝氧量的運動測試 …………………………30
三、60％最大攝氧量之耐力運動測試 …………… 32
四、血液分析 ……………………………………… 34
(一) 血糖 ………………………………………… 34
(二) 血乳酸 ……………………………………… 35
(三) 血清游離脂肪酸 …………………………… 35
(四) 血漿膽鹼 …………………………………… 36
第六節 資料處理 …………………………………… 38
第四章 結果 …………………………………………… 40
第一節 基本資料與飲食攝取狀況 ………………… 40
第二節 大豆卵磷脂的增補對羽球選手進行耐力運動
血液生化值之影響 ………………………… 40
第三節 大豆卵磷脂的增補對羽球選手進行耐力運動
心肺功能及運動表現之影響 ……………… 41
第五章 討論 …………………………………………… 53
第六章 結論 …………………………………………… 62
參考文獻 ………………………………………………… 64

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二、中文部分
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