臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨為分析與設計一減少轉矩漣波之直驅式電梯用永磁同步馬達。主要目的是以效率高、體積小、功率密度大與機構簡單的永磁同步馬達來取代感應馬達搭配減速齒輪箱的傳統電梯主機架構，以滿足電梯新機種節能與汰舊換新的市場需求。
本文所研製的永磁同步馬達規格為三相額定電壓320 Vac、額定功率11.6 kW、額定扭矩1989 N-m與額定轉速55.7 rpm，使用ANSYS公司CAE軟體RMxprt建構出永磁同步馬達的電機模型，再以有限元素電磁場模擬軟體Maxwell 2D進行馬達磁路特性模擬分析，並討論轉矩漣波所產生振動與噪音問題對馬達的影響，以修改轉子磁鐵外形來抑制頓轉轉矩與降低轉矩漣波。最後，以所提方法研製一減少轉矩漣波之直驅式電梯用永磁同步馬達作為驗證設計用，並比較設計值與量測結果的差異性作為未來研究與改善參考。
由實驗結果顯示，本文所設計的馬達在轉速55.7 rpm與負載1989 N-m條件下，馬達電壓為352.68 Vrms、電流為28.257 A及效率84.94%。頓轉轉矩的實測結果為23.52 N-m (Peak to Peak)，其大小為額定轉矩的1.18%。

The main theme of this thesis is to analyze and design direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for elevators with torque ripple reduction. The aim is to replace the traditional elevator mainframe structure of the induction motor (IM) without gearbox with high efficient PMSM which is with some advantages, including small volume, high power density and simple mechanism, to meet the market demand for energy saving.
The PMSM developed in this paper is three-phase, rated voltage 320 Vac, rated power 11.6 kW, rated torque 1989 N-m and rated speed 55.7 rpm. The ANSYS CAE software RMxprt is used to construct the motor model of the PMSM. Then the finite element electromagnetic field simulation software Maxwell 2D is used to simulate the motor magnetic circuit characteristics, and the vibration and noise generated by the torque ripple are discussed. It is proposed to modify the shape of the rotor magnet to suppress cogging torque and reduce torque ripple. Finally, a direct-drive PMSM for elevators with torque ripple reduction is developed and verified. The difference between the design value and the measurement result is compared as a reference for future research and improvement.
The results show that under 55.7 rpm and load 1989 N-m condition, the motor voltage is 352.68 Vrms, and current is 28.257 A, and efficiency is 84.94%, the cogging torque is 23.52 N-m (Peak to Peak), and the value is 1.18% of the rated torque.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表 目 錄 vi
圖 目 錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 6
1.3 本文架構 8
第二章 永磁同步馬達介紹 9
2.1 永磁同步馬達介紹 10
2.2 磁性材料介紹 12
2.2.1 硬磁材料 13
2.2.2 軟磁材料 15
2.3 永磁同步馬達磁路模型 17
2.4 磁交鏈、感應電動勢、輸出轉矩與轉矩漣波 21
2.5 損失與效率 26
第三章 直驅式永磁同步馬達設計 27
3.1 馬達初始設計 28
3.2 馬達磁路分析 34
3.3 降低轉矩漣波 41
3.4 結論 50
第四章 直驅式永磁同步馬達測試 51
4.1 實驗平台 51
4.2 馬達電機參數測試 54
4.3 馬達反電勢測試 55
4.3.1 相(無載)反電勢特性 55
4.3.2 線(無載)反電勢特性 57
4.3.3 3次諧波特性確認 59
4.4 馬達動力試驗 62
4.5 頓轉轉矩試驗 67
4.6 馬達單體振動試驗 68
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 70
參考文獻 71
符號編彙 74

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