臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

汞之全球循環特性被列管為有毒物之一，但仍被廣泛使用於發光照明等元件中。汽車相關電子元件多元化應用，包括大燈照明以及液晶螢幕等視聽娛樂設備中可能持續使用含汞物質做為照明用途，當含汞產品廢棄後釋放至環境，對人類與野生動物之危害極大。台灣為高汞污染地區，如何對車用含汞元件之使用與流佈調查更顯重要性。

本研究採用物質流分析方法，針對汽車生命週期中之汞開關、車用高壓氣體放電燈管 (High Intensity Discharge, HID)及液晶螢幕 (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD)等含汞元件進行汞物質流佈之調查推估，並探討廢棄汽車之拆解與管理制度。根據本研究親自訪問環保署、國內車用含汞元件製造商、使用含汞元件之汽車製造商、廢車拆解廠與廢車粉碎廠等機構調查及推估顯示，2006年透過國內自行生產及國外進口之車用HID燈與車用LCD之含汞量為1.136公斤，其中0.012公斤出口至其他國家，0.051公斤包含在廢棄不良品中。在2006年全國使用小客車5,698,324輛中，含有346.918公斤之汞以開關之封存量最多達337.18公斤；在281,801輛廢車中含汞量為24.893公斤，其中空氣逸散之汞潛勢量為1.867公斤，另外，汽車粉碎殘渣中13.119公斤以及金屬碎料中9.883公斤。

車用HID燈以及車用LCD產品可能進入銷售市場，本研究推估2006年兩項產品將分別以0.161公斤與3.884公斤存在消費市場中，當相關產品維修廢棄後，其有毒物之回收與處理技術為重要挑戰，此外，藉由研發推廣低危害產品及開發無汞替代光源，勢必為未來降低汞負荷量之世界趨勢。

Mercury is cycling on the global environment and can be classified as a dangerous chemical in the world, but still is an important material of lighting products. It’s automotive applications domesticaly is growing vigorously from the manufacture HID headlamps and automotive LCD which all countains mercury. When mercury-containing products are discarded, all the mercury gets into the environment, which is harmful to human beings and ecosystem. Taiwan is one of the countries with high mercury emission, therefore, it is important to investigate and evaluate the fate of mercury.

This study investigated the fate of the automobile applications by using material flow analysis (MFA) method, including mercury switch, high intensity discharge (HID) headlamps and automotive liquid crystal display (LCD). Several organizations involved in the regulation of mercury-containing parts, such as Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan External Trade Development Council, the part sources manufacturers, product importers, automotive industry, vehicle recyclers and auto scrap yard were interviewed in this study. According to this research, the total mercury contained in mercury switch, HID, and LCD produced by domestic industries and imported from other countries was 1.136 kg in 2006. Regarding the amount of mercury contained in automotive parts, 0.012 kg was exported, 0.051 kg was the waste, and 346.918 kg of mercury contained was used. In addition, 337.18 kg mercury of used switches in the 5.7 millions of automobiles. A total of 281,801 automobiles were discarded. It was calculated that 24.893 kg mercury was released into the environment.

HID headlamp and automotive LCD are stocks in the market. According to the estimation, it has been revealed that 0.161 kg mercury contained in HID headlamps and 3.884 kg mercury contained in automotive LCD, were for domestic sale. When the mercury-containing products were discarded, the danger and recovery of the toxicants and valuable metals, are an important challenge. In addition, by a technology breakthrough to develop the mercury-free products, it is a world trend to lower the mercury loading to prevent the hazard in the future.

中文摘要 ......................................i
英文摘要 ......................................ii
誌謝...........................................iv
目錄...........................................v
表目錄.........................................vii
圖目錄.........................................ix
第一章 前言...................................1
1.1 研究動機...................................1
1.2 研究目的...................................3
1.3 研究範疇及流程 .............................3
1.3.1研究範疇..................................3
1.3.2研究流程..................................5
第二章　文獻回顧...............................7
2.1汞之特性及流佈..............................7
2.1.1 汞之特性.................................7
2.1.2全球汞使用與回收..........................10
2.1.3全球汞污染................................12
2.2物質流分析理論基礎探討......................15
2.2.1物質流分析定義............................15
2.2.2物質流分析種類............................18
2.2.3物質流分析之案例..........................20
2.3汽車含汞元件應用與拆解探討..................22
2.3.1汽車含汞元件特性及種類....................22
2.3.2廢棄汽車處理之汞釋放......................29
2.3.3含汞元件拆解..............................32
2.4國內外汽車含汞元件管理......................34
2.4.1 國外含汞元件管理.........................34
2.4.2國外汽車有害物質之管理 ....................38
2.4.3國內廢車管理現況..........................39
第三章 研究方法...............................43
3.1 物質流分析流程及步驟.......................43
3.2 文獻蒐集、實地訪視及調查...................48
第四章　結果與討論.............................53
4.1國內汽車特性與流佈分析......................53
4.1.1國內汽車特性分析..........................53
4.1.2小客車流佈分析............................58
4.2國內汽車含汞元件分析........................61
4.2.1 車用汞開關分析...........................61
4.2.2 車用HID燈................................62
4.2.3 車用液晶螢幕.............................68
4.2.4廢車拆解及粉碎廠..........................72
4.3國內汽車含汞元件流佈推估 ....................76
4.3.1國內汽車含汞元件物質流整合分析............77
4.3.2我國與國外車用含汞元件物質流探討..........83
4.4 廢車含汞零件回收及管理探討.................88
4.4.1回收及管理方式............................88
4.4.2現況問題探討與建議........................90
第五章　結論與建議.............................93
5.1 結論.......................................93
5.2 建議.......................................94
參考文獻.......................................95
附錄 車用含汞元件拆解資料庫 ...................101

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