臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著永續發展的議題普遍受到重視，如何節能減碳共同為地球盡一份心力，是現今研究的主題；傳統營建材料的製造也因應環保和節能的訴求，研究上著重輕質、節能、防火等具隔音及絕熱的性質。在土木應用上，磚材多半用於牆面及隔間使用，磚材的品質可影響室內環境的舒適性。磚材之製造由於不同成份及製造方式，會改變磚材的物理及機械性質，由於矽藻土具有眾多的殼體孔洞，而孔隙度會直接影響建材的隔熱性質，矽藻土已普遍用於混凝土及砂漿做為減輕重量及隔熱用，因此本研究希望利用矽藻土做為磚材製作的添加物，了解矽藻土及製程過程，對磚材隔熱效果及相關物理及機械性質之影響，並能兼顧結構用材料所具備的強度要求。此項研究中使用兩種黏土原料，希望瞭解黏土成份的差異對黏土陶瓷材料之關連性，其中係以矽藻土的不同比例(10-40%)及不同燒結溫度(900、950、1000、1100℃)做為對照參數，針對密度、孔隙率、吸水率、體積收縮率、抗壓強度、熱傳導係數等性質進行比較。由密度及孔隙度結果顯示，添加矽藻土皆會使兩種黏土原料所製成的磚材孔洞生成不少，相對的造成樣品的密度下降，達到重量減輕的效果，但相對的抗壓強度也會下降。實驗結果顯示，當燒結溫度上升時，其密度和抗壓強度會上升，孔隙率及吸水率則會下降。在燒結溫度為1100℃時，球土原料添加30%和40%的矽藻土，可有效的降低熱傳導係數，但抗壓強度降為13.6-16.16 MPa。在燒結溫度為1100℃，添加40%矽藻土的黏土樣本，其熱傳導係數相較未添加的試體分別下降約40%，觀察到矽藻土的添加確實可以有效地降低磚材中的熱傳導係數，對於磚材的輕質化以及隔熱效果有明顯的改善。

Diatomaceous earth is used extensively in concrete and mortar for weight- reduction and heat insulation. With the focus on reducing thermal conductivity and maintaining sufficient compressive strength, this study examined the effect of diatomaceous earth on the physical- mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of clay-based ceramics. Two clay raw materials were used for comparison. The microstructure and physical-mechanical properties of fired samples were evaluated with different replacement ratios (10-40%) and firing conditions (900、950、1000、1100℃). The clay-based ceramic materials were characterized by bulk density, porosity, shrinkage, and compressive strength. The thermal conductivity was measured in the green bodies and fired products. The results show that diatomaceous earth promotes the pore forming quite obviously for both clay samples. Hence, the increase in diatomaceous earth content leads to the decrease on compressive strength. Results indicate that diatomaceous earth promotes the thermal insulation ability only for ball clay with 30-40% addition with a firing temperature of 1100℃, but it leads to a decrease of compressive strength to about 13.6-16.16 MPa. With a firing temperature of 1100℃, the thermal conductivity of clay samples produced with 40% addition of diatomaceous earth was reduced 40%, compared to the one without diatomaceous earth. The current results show the effect of diatomaceous earth on weight reduction and the thermal insulation ability of clay brick.

目次
致謝辭 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iv
目次 vi
表目次 viii
圖目次 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 矽藻土介紹 2
1.3 黏土磚材文獻回顧 3
1.4 研究內容及論文架構 9
第二章 實驗流程 10
2.1 實驗材料簡介 10
2.2 試體製備及燒結條件 13
2.3 實驗方法 15
2.3.1 密度試驗 15
2.3.2 吸水率及孔隙率試驗 15
2.3.3 抗壓強度試驗 15
2.3.4 體積收縮率試驗 15
2.3.5 熱傳導係數試驗 16
2.3.6 微觀結構觀察 16
第三章 試驗結果與討論 18
3.1 添加比例影響 18
3.1.1 密度及孔隙率 18
3.1.2 吸水率 18
3.1.3 抗壓強度 19
3.1.4 體積收縮率 20
3.1.5 熱傳導係數 20
3.1.6 微觀結構觀察 20
3.2 燒結溫度影響 21
3.2.1 密度及孔隙率 21
3.2.2 吸水率 21
3.2.3 抗壓強度 21
3.2.4 體積收縮率 22
3.2.5 熱傳導係數 22
3.2.6 微觀結構觀察 22
第四章 X光繞射分析應用於判定物質轉換 39
4.1 XRD判別步驟介紹 39
4.2 添加比例影響 39
4.3 燒結溫度影響 40
第五章 結果與建議 47
5.1 結論 47
5.2 研究建議 48
參考文獻 50


表目次
表2-1 黏土化學成分分析表 10
表2-2 球土化學成分分析表 10
表2-3 矽藻土化學成分分析表 10
表2-4 實驗數據量測數量 17
表3-1 CNS 382 R2002普通磚之品質規定 22
表3-2 常見建築材料之熱傳導係數表 23
表3-3 添加不同比例矽藻土之密度比較表(單位：g/cm3) 24
表3-4 添加不同比例矽藻土之孔隙率比較表(單位：%) 24
表3-5 添加不同比例矽藻土之吸水率比較表(單位：%) 25
表3-6 添加不同比例矽藻土之抗壓強度比較表(單位：MPa) 25
表3-7 添加不同比例矽藻土之體積收縮率比較表(單位：%) 26
表3-8a 黏土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度900℃)之熱相關性質 26
表3-8b 黏土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度950℃)之熱相關性質 27
表3-8c 黏土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度1000℃)之熱相關性質 27
表3-8d 黏土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度1100℃)之熱相關性質 28
表3-9a 球土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度900℃)之熱相關性質 28
表3-9b 球土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度950℃)之熱相關性質 29
表3-9c 球土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度1000℃)之熱相關性質 29
表3-9d 球土添加矽藻土矩形試體(燒結溫度1100℃)之熱相關性質 30


圖目次
圖2-1 黏土之粒徑分析圖 11
圖2-2 球土之粒徑分析圖 11
圖2-3 矽藻土之粒徑分析圖 11
圖2-4 過篩後的黏土 12
圖2-5 過篩後的球土 12
圖2-6 過篩後的矽藻土 12
圖2-7 實驗試體製作流程圖 14
圖3-1 黏土添加不同比例矽藻土之密度比較圖 31
圖3-2 球土添加不同比例矽藻土之密度比較圖 31
圖3-3 黏土添加不同比例矽藻土之孔隙率比較圖 32
圖3-4 球土添加不同比例矽藻土之孔隙率比較圖 32
圖3-5 黏土添加不同比例矽藻土之吸水率比較圖 33
圖3-6 球土添加不同比例矽藻土之吸水率比較圖 33
圖3-7 黏土添加不同比例矽藻土之抗壓強度比較圖 34
圖3-8 球土添加不同比例矽藻土之抗壓強度比較圖 34
圖3-9 黏土添加不同比例矽藻土之體積收縮率比較圖 35
圖3-10 球土添加不同比例矽藻土之體積收縮率比較圖 35
圖3-11 純黏土之SEM觀察(900℃) 36
圖3-12 黏土添加40 wt.%矽藻土之SEM觀察(900℃) 36
圖3-13 純黏土之SEM觀察(950℃) 36
圖3-14 黏土添加40 wt.%矽藻土之SEM觀察(950℃) 37
圖3-15 純黏土之SEM觀察(1000℃) 37
圖3-16 黏土添加40 wt.%矽藻土之SEM觀察(1000℃) 37
圖3-17 純黏土之SEM觀察(1100℃) 38
圖3-18 黏土添加40 wt.%矽藻土之SEM觀察(1100℃) 38
圖4-1 黏土原料XRD圖 41
圖4-2 矽藻土原料XRD圖 41
圖4-3 純黏土XRD圖 42
圖4-4 純球土XRD圖 42
圖4-5 黏土與矽藻土XRD圖(900℃) 43
圖4-6 黏土與矽藻土XRD圖(950℃) 43
圖4-7 黏土與矽藻土XRD圖(1000℃) 44
圖4-8 黏土與矽藻土XRD圖(1100℃) 44
圖4-9 球土與矽藻土XRD圖(900℃) 45
圖4-10 球土與矽藻土XRD圖(950℃) 45
圖4-11 球土與矽藻土XRD圖(1000℃) 46
圖4-12 球土與矽藻土XRD圖(1100℃) 46

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