臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

螞蟻在陸域生態系統中是豐富且優勢的物種，然而一種生物能成為優勢物種涉及到了生存和生殖。螞蟻是社會性昆蟲，並不是所有個體均會生產下一代，反而有數量更多的個體是不從事生產的工蟻階級，所以在探討螞蟻繁殖時，大多數並不是探討個體的繁殖，而是探討蟻巢的繁殖現象。大多數的螞蟻物種是使用婚飛的模式來繁殖，婚飛這種繁殖模式可以促進基因交流和擴展族群，因此每年成熟蟻巢會投資能量在婚飛上。然而一個棲地中會有很多種螞蟻，螞蟻就會遇到物種間雜交的問題，以及(風速、光線強度、相對濕度、溫度、降雨和幼蟲發育)等因素皆會影響螞蟻婚飛。本次研究在彰化縣大村鄉大葉大學校園內設置燈光誘集陷阱，來採集婚飛螞蟻的樣本，並且以每週為單位回收樣本，連續採集2年(2014年3月至2016年3月)，以了解台灣中部地區螞蟻種類的婚飛時間。研究中共記錄到6亞科、27屬、55種螞蟻，採集到49,578隻蟻后個體，並且本研究採集到2種蟻后不婚飛型的螞蟻物種(雄蟻)。其中有49%的個體是Pheidole sp. 4，是該區域最為優勢的物種，此外數量第二和第三多的物種都各佔總個體數的10% (Paratrechina longicornis和Parvaponera sp. 1)。大多數物種是在春季開始婚飛(20種)，這些春季婚飛的物種多半是在春末時開始婚飛(14種)，但也有一部分物種是在夏季開始婚飛(6種)，然而多數的螞蟻物種婚飛時間都超過2個月以上，甚至會跨過整個季節，像是Crematogaster sp. 1 和 Tapinoma melanocephalum 的婚飛時間是從春末到秋末，橫跨3個季節都在婚飛，可以說是幾乎一整年都有婚飛的物種，婚飛期較短的種類則包括了 Pheidole sp. 6和Chronoxenus wroughtonii formosensis，牠們只在春季婚飛，Camponotus sp. 1和Colobopsis sp. 1就只在春末夏初(五月和六月)婚飛。

Ants are abundant and dominant members of almost terrestrial ecosystem. However, a dominant Species is involved in survival and reproduction. Ants are eusociality insects, not all individuals will produce the next generation. Instead, there are a larger number of individuals who are not engaged in production. Therefore, when discussing the breeding of ants, most of them do not explore the reproduction of individuals, but explore the breeding of ant nests. Most ant species use the mating flight to breed. This mode of breeding can promote gene communication and expand ethnic groups. So every year the mature nest will invest energy on the mating flight. However, there are many kinds of ants in a habitat. Ants will encounter problems of crossbreeding between species. In addition, factors affecting ant marriage are: wind speed, light intensity, relative humidity, temperature, rainfall, and larval growth. This study set up a light trap trap on the campus of Da Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhua County. To collect samples of mating flying ants. And recycle samples on a weekly basis. Continuous collect for 2 years(March 2014 to March 2016). To understand the mating time of ants in central Taiwan. A total of 6 subfamilies, 27 genera, and 55 species ants were recorded in the study. Collected 49,578 queens. And this experiment also has collected two kinds of ant species that are not mating flight queen(male). Among them, 49% of the individuals are Pheidole sp. 4, which is the most dominant species in the region. The second most and third most species each account for 10%(Paratrechina longicornis and Parvaponera sp. 1). Most species start to fly in the spring(20species). Most of these spring matings are starting at the end of spring(14species). But there are also some species that are starting to fly in the summer(6species). However, most ant species have more than 2 months of mating flight time. Even across the season. The mating flight time between is from late spring to late autumn(Crematogaster sp. 1 and Tapinoma melanocephalum). Mating flight in 3 seasons. It can be said that there are species that have been flying for almost a whole year. There are ant species that fly in the whole year, and there are also species with shorter fly days. Pheidole sp. 6 and Chronoxenus wroughtonii formosensis only fly in the spring. Camponotus sp. 1 and Colobopsis sp. 1 are only flew in the late spring and early summer (May and June).

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 往昔研究 3
第一節 螞蟻概述 3
第二節 螞蟻生殖與生存的權衡 3
第三節 螞蟻的繁殖方式 5
第四節 螞蟻的婚飛行為 7
第三章 研究方法及步驟 10
第一節 研究地點 10
第二節 研究方法 10
第三節 分類鑑定 13
第四節 統計方法 13
第五節 資料選擇 14
第四章 結果 15
第一節 各亞科螞蟻婚飛時間 23
第二節 各屬螞蟻婚飛時間 43
第三節 各螞蟻種內婚飛時間 58
第五章 討論 93
參考文獻 100
附錄 103

Antcat. 2019年05月01日引用自
http://www.antcat.org/
參山國家公園風景區2019年05月01日引用自
https://www.trimt-nsa.gov.tw/Web/Experience/Baguashan/BGNaturalEcology/BGLocalClimate.htm
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