臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要目的為比較台灣及香港兩地電影字幕所使用之歸化（domestication）及異化（foreignization）翻譯策略，以及評量其對於幽默翻譯之效益。經回顧相關文獻後，本文以維努堤（Venuti）提出之歸化及異化概念及扎巴比斯可（Zabalbeascoa）的笑話分類為中心，探討原文中的形、音、義以及字幕翻譯運用歸化或異化策略之間的關係。
透過分析台灣的LTTC 中英文翻譯能力檢定考試、中國的全國外語翻譯證書考試及知名本地化服務供應商 Lionbridge所採取之翻譯品質指標（Translation Quality Index）等三種翻譯評量模式，本論文共提出三種幽默字幕評量模式之建構要點：第一，結合量化及質化之翻譯評量模式有助於提升評量之客觀性。第二，各翻譯錯誤類型及嚴重程度應明確定義。第三，「幽默」應為評量流程中的主要考量。
本研究資料以好萊塢喜劇片DVD為基礎，資料分析共分為三部分：首先，將研究資料中的翻譯策略分類為七種，接著辨認翻譯策略中的歸化或異化傾向。最後，這些策略以四個面向進行評量：文化意涵，是否透過該翻譯策略傳達；語意，該翻譯策略是否忠實傳達語意；語用，經該翻譯策略轉換後，是否讓觀眾更易理解；上下文，轉換後之譯文是否符合情境，再行逐一比較。
本研究共獲得三項結果。第一，研究資料顯示，台灣版本字幕為歸化傾向，而香港版本字幕為異化傾向。第二，無論字幕翻譯策略為歸化或異化，其大多用於處理幽默成分的語義以及限定族群能理解之幽默。第三，異化翻譯策略之效益幾乎等同於歸化翻譯策略，打破以往「好的喜劇字幕翻譯多為歸化傾向」之認知。

This thesis aims to compare the domestication and foreignization strategies used by Taiwan and Hong Kong subtitlers and their effectiveness in humor translation. Based on reviewing the related the literatures, this thesis adopts the concepts of domestication and foreignization proposed by Venuti and Zabalbeascoa’s joke taxonomy to explore how the form, sound, meaning of the original text are dealt with by subtitlers through the domestication or foreignization strategies.
After discussing three translation evaluation models, which are based on the LTTC Chinese and English Translation and Interpretation Competency Examinations, National Accreditation Examinations for Translators and Interpreters, and Translation Quality Index adopted by Lionbridge, three guidelines are drawn for developing an evaluation model for humor subtitles, as follows. First, a model combining qualitative and quantitative criteria will increase the objectivity of evaluations. Second, the weights of each error type and severity should be defined clearly and thoroughly. Third, “humor” should be prioritized as the most decisive factor in the evaluation process.
The research data used in this thesis was extracted from Hollywood comedy DVDs, and the analysis can be divided into three parts: the first part of the analysis was to categorize the data collected according to the seven types of strategies. Next, the orientations of these strategies were divided into domestication or foreignization. Accordingly, the examples were further evaluated based on four perspectives: cultural, semantic, pragmatic, and textual. The overall grades of each version were thus compared and discussed.
Three significant findings are presented in this thesis. To begin with, the collected data showed that the Taiwan subtitles showed a tendency to domestication, while the Hong Kong subtitles were mostly foreignized. In addition, most subtitling strategies, domestication- or foreignization-oriented, are used to deal with the semantic aspect of humor elements, and these humor elements are mostly appreciated by certain groups of audience. Third, foreignization strategies were almost as effective as domestication strategies, in contrast to the long-held assumption that a good comedy subtitle must be domesticated.

Table of Contents

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgment iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Questions 5
1.3 Outline of the Thesis 6
Chapter 2 Literature Review 8
2.1 The Landscape of Audiovisual Translation 9
2.2 Review of Subtitle Studies 14
2.3 Domestication and Foreignization 19
2.4 Humor Translation 22
Chapter 3 Methodology 27
3.1 Introduction to Research Data 27
3.2 The Categorization of the Data 31
3.3 The Evaluative Framework 34
Chapter 4 Data Analysis 38
4.1 Dialects 40
4.2 Buzzwords 45
4.3 Homophones 50
4.4 Analogy 55
4.5 Proverbs 60
4.6 Transformation 64
Chapter 5 Conclusion 69
4.1 Research Findings and Discussion 69
4.2 The Significance of the Study 73
References 75
Electronic References 79
Data Sources 80

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Data Sources

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糯米正傳（2007）。得利影視股份有限公司。