臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以白葱蘭、黃葱蘭、韭蘭以及小韭蘭為材料，進行花粉活力檢定、種間雜交、回交與三交等試驗，期能從子代選出優良花形與花色植株，供盆花或景觀利用。
白葱蘭或黃葱蘭花粉培養在25℃時，於含10％蔗糖濃度之BK培養基，其發芽率為31％；韭蘭花粉培養於含蔗糖濃度5％或10％之BK培養基，其發芽率分別為55％與49％；小韭蘭花粉培養於含5％蔗糖濃度BK培養基其，發芽率為36％。較適合白葱蘭或黃葱蘭花粉發芽適溫為30℃，發芽率可提高至71％；韭蘭或小韭蘭之花粉發芽適溫則為25℃。
四種親本自交以黃葱蘭結果率100％最高，其次小韭蘭為22.6％，白葱蘭與韭蘭分別為5.3％或1.1％。在12個種間雜交組合中，有5個種間雜交組合未結果，分別是以韭蘭為母本與白葱蘭、黃葱蘭或小韭蘭雜交；小韭蘭為母本或父本，分別與韭蘭和白葱蘭雜交。回交組合以白或黃葱蘭為父母本的結果率都在89％以上，以韭蘭為母本皆未成功。
白葱蘭與黃葱蘭雜交之後代、黃葱蘭與韭蘭雜交之白色株後代的自交一代與二代的結實率明顯下降。各個回交後代的自交其結果率以白葱蘭為母本和白葱蘭與黃葱蘭雜交後代回交的結果率為20％，其餘交配組合皆未結果；黃葱蘭與韭蘭雜交後代(白或黃色株)回交後代的自交結果率皆為100％。三交組合只有黃葱蘭與韭蘭雜交之白色株後代為母本和白葱蘭或黃葱蘭雜交可以成功。
各種雜交、自交、回交和三交等組合所獲得之後代大部份性狀分佈皆介於中間型或偏向母本型。白葱蘭為母本與黃葱蘭雜交之子代性狀變異性較大。以黃葱蘭為母本分別與白葱蘭、小韭蘭和韭蘭雜交，所產生後代的性狀大部份偏向母本，其中韭蘭為父本的雜交後代有兩種類型，分別為白底粉紅脈紋(白色株)和黃底粉紅脈紋(黃色株)的花色，而白色株自交後代花色較淡，黃色株自交後代花型與花色性狀有分離。
白葱蘭為母本與黃葱蘭雜交後代的花色分佈由白色到黃色系列變化，子代自交組合花色變化也相似。白葱蘭與黃葱蘭雜交後代為父或母本回交組合，花色皆偏向白葱蘭與黃葱蘭顏色；黃葱蘭為母本與韭蘭雜交後代白色株為母本回交組合，在韭蘭為父本回交後代花色從淡粉紅色到亮粉紅色，花型較大。黃葱蘭與韭蘭雜交後代(白色株)為母本和白葱蘭與黃葱蘭雜交種行三交組合的花色變化性大，其中可看到白色株與類似黃色株花色與花型。本研究選出優良花形與花色的植株14株。

The pollen viability interspecies crossing, bcck crossing, and tri-species crossing between Z. candida, Z. citrine, Z. rosea and Z. grandiflora for selecting off springs with good flower shape of color that will be used as pot flowers or landscaping plants.
At 25℃, Z. candida or Z. citrina pollen cultivated on BK medium with 10% sucrose, the germination rate was 31%. Z. grandiflora pollen cultivated on BK medium with 5% or 10% sucrose, the germination rate was 55% or 49%, respectively. The germination rate was 36% when the pollenof Z. rosea cultivated in BK medium with 5% sucrose. The optimum temperature for Z. candida and Z. citrina pollen germination was at 30℃, and the germination rate was high to 71%；The optimum temperature for the pollen of Z. grandiflora or Z. rosea germinate was at 25℃.
In the selfing of four species, the fruit set of Z. citrina was 100%, Z. rosea was 22.6%, as well as Z. candida or Z. grandiflora was 5.3% or 1.1%, respectively. The rate of fruit set was variously in reciprocal crossing in each. In 12 interspecific hybridization, There were 5 interspecific hybridization without fruiting. Those hybridization included when Z. grandiflora was maternal parent crossed with other three species and when Z. rosea was father plant or mother plant crossed with Z. grandiflora or Z. candida, respectively. In back cross of Z. candida or Z. citrina as paternity or maternal, all fruit set above 89%. However, using Z. grandiflora to be a maternal, the cross was unsuccessful.
In the self cross of the offsprings from Z. candida and Z. citrina hybridization, or from Z. citrina and Z. grandiflora (white plant), the seed formation obviously descended. In the back cross of the offsprings from Z. candida crossed with Z. citrina when Z. candida was maternal plant, the fruit set was 20％, however, all the others mating combination failed. In the selfing of the offspring (white plant or yellow plant) from Z. grandiflora crossing with Z. citrina, the rate of fruit set was 100％. In triple cross combination, only the offspring (white plant) of Z. citrina and Z. grandiflora hybridization as maternal crossed with Z. candida or Z. citrina was successful.
Various hybridizing combination, such as self, back cross and triple cross, etc, the most characters of offspring was distributed between the characters of parents or into the maternal type. Using Z. candida as maternal crossing with Z. citrina, its character of offspring was diverse. But when Z. citrina was used as maternal plant crossing with Z. candida, Z. rosea or Z. grandiflora, the characters of the offspring, were similar to maternal mostly, in which when Z. grandiflora crossing with there were two offsprings, it was white with pink venation of bottom (white plant) yellow with pink venation of bottom(yellow plant), respectively, the flower color of self offsprings from white plant was lighter, as well as flower color of offsprings plant from yellow plant are separated.
Z. candida spread from white to the yellow series to change for the flower color of maternal and Z. candida an offspring, it is similar too that the offspring self combination flower color changes. Z. candida and Z. citrina offspring are paternity or maternal back cross combination, the flower color all leans to Z. candida and Z. citrina color；Z. citrina is maternal and Z. grandiflora offspring white plant is maternal back cross combination, arrive for design, offspring of paternity back cross, from light pink one on and pink in Z. grandiflora, the flower color is relatively heavy. Z. citrina and Z. grandiflora offspring (white plant), and Z. candida and Z.citrina hybridization competent flower color of triple cross combination person who change heavy for maternal, among them can see white plant, similar yellow plant flower color and flower type. In this study 14 plants with colorful flower and good shape were selected.

目次

中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．i
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ii
表目次．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．vi
圖目次．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．vii
前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
前人研究．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
一、韭蘭屬物種的分類地位．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
二、韭蘭屬植物的生長和發育．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
三、台灣現有栽培的韭蘭屬植物之形態．．．．．．．．．．．．3
四、韭蘭屬物種之染色體數與育種．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
五、韭蘭屬物種鱗莖之藥用成分．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
六、花粉活力測定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
(一)培養基發芽測定 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
(二)植體內發芽測定 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
(三)化學染色法 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
材料與方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
一、植物材料．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
二、試驗方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
(一)植物繁殖及栽培．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
(二)植株形態與花器發育之觀察．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
(三)花粉活力測定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
(四)韭蘭屬植物種間雜交對結果率與結種率之影響．．．．．．．10
(五)韭蘭屬植物雜交第一代(F1)回交與自交對結果率與結種率之影響11
(六)韭蘭屬植物回交第一代(BC1)自交對結果率與結種率之影響．11
(七)種間雜交後代、正反回交後代與自交後代與親本性狀之比較．11
(八)種間雜交後代、正反回交後代與自交後代之選拔．．．．．．11
(九)統計分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
結果．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12
一、花粉活力則定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12
二、韭蘭屬植物的自交試驗．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12
三、韭蘭屬植物種間雜交對結果率、結種率及種子發芽率之影響．13
四、韭蘭屬種間雜交後代回交親本之結果率、結種率及發芽率之影響13
五、韭蘭屬植物三交之結果率、結種率及發芽率之影響．．．．．14
六、韭蘭屬雜交後代自交第一代、第二代之試驗．．．．．．．．14
七、韭蘭屬雜交後代經回交後自交之結果率及結種率．．．．．．14
八、韭蘭屬種間雜交後代植株之株形與花色．．．．．．．．．．15
九、韭蘭屬種間雜交、自交和回交後代的性狀的分佈和調查．．．15
十、韭蘭屬種間雜交、自交和回交之子代的花形與花色形態．．．16
十一、韭蘭屬雜交後代選出優良株之特性．．．．．．．．．．．18
討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
一、韭蘭屬植物花粉發芽的特性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
二、韭蘭屬物種的自交對結果率與結種率之影響．．．．．．．．21
三、韭蘭屬植物種間雜交、回交與三交．．．．．．．．．．．．21
四、韭蘭屬植物雜交後代性狀變化．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24
表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．26
圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．40
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．65

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