臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

棒球是非常普遍的運動，但是由於傳統硬式棒球存在一定的危險性，改良式棒球的功能目前仍被質疑，使得棒球運動發展因安全性問題而遭受考驗，因此，研究棒球材質特性，是未來解決棒球運動安全問題的重要前導性研究。因此，本研究主要是以運動力學的研究方法，來探討市售棒球在不同速度撞擊下，恢復係數變化的趨勢，以及碰撞期之力量峰值、衝量值與恢復係數變化之關係，其結果盼能做為未來研究、改良棒球材質之參考。
本研究受試棒球分為硬式棒球與軟式棒球，其中硬式棒球有16種品牌，軟式棒球4種品牌，每種品牌有4個樣本。實驗方法是以時速50∼89英里為測試速度區間，內含14個測試速度。實驗儀器中使用每秒240張之JVC高速攝影機拍攝球體碰撞過程，進而計算恢復係數，並以自製測力板收集碰撞期間之力量峰值與衝量值。
本研究以描述性統計分析不同速度之恢復係數、力量峰值與衝量值各項資料，並以皮爾遜積差相關分析不同速度下恢復係數、力量峰值與衝量值之間的關係，並利用簡單直線回歸方法求取衝量值預測恢復係數之回歸方程式。
本研究結果發現，各種棒球中，碰撞速度與力量峰值、衝量值皆呈顯著正相關，與恢復係數則呈顯著負相關。硬式棒球的恢復係數、力量峰值、衝量值在碰撞速度區間62∼80 mph（99.82∼128.8 km/hr）內，其曲線呈現非直線性的變化；軟式棒球在各項參數之曲線則無明顯的變化。各參數之間的關係方面，硬式棒球的恢復係數與力量峰值、衝量值未達顯著相關，軟式棒球則在時速71∼89英里之間，其恢復係數與力量峰值、衝量值在大多數的速度上皆達顯著相關。
由本文研究結果得知，硬式棒球在不同速度撞擊下，恢復係數變化的曲線有非直線性的變化，而力量峰值與衝量值亦有類似的變化，推測此結果與硬式棒球棒球內部結構在高速撞擊下產生反彈機制變化有關。軟式棒球因內部結構較簡單，在高速撞擊下碰撞反彈機制較趨於穩定，也因此可求得決定係數較高的回歸公式。

Although baseball is a very popular source of recreational activity throughout the world, safety of baseball exercise is still a concern. Results of previous studies showed that the properties of baseball were highly correlated with safety of baseball. The objective of this study was to investigate baseball’s coefficient of restitution (COR) in different impacting velocities. Another purpose was to find the relation between peak force, impulse of impact, and COR while baseball hitting the wall.
In this study, the subjects were 20 trademarks baseballs, 16 trademarks were traditional baseballs and 4 trademarks were modified baseballs. Fourteen testing velocities were used in the experiment. JVC high speed video camera was used to film the ball’s impact process. In order to measure the peak force and impulse while impacting, force plant was fixed on the wall to be hit by the baseballs.
The results showed that the peak force and impulse of impact were positively significantly correlated with the impact velocity, but COR was negatively significantly correlated with the impact velocity. In testing velocities 62∼80 mph, the curve of peak force, impulse, and COR curves of traditional baseballs were nonlinear and unstable. COR curves of traditional baseball were increasing in this interval, differing from decreasing in another intervals. In addition, the traditional baseballs’ COR didn’t correlate with the peak force and impulse of impact in all testing velocities. Most of the modified baseballs’ COR significantly correlated with the peak force and impulse of impact in testing velocities 71∼89 mph.
Based on the results of this study, in different impact velocities, traditional baseballs’ COR curves were nonlinear and unstable. To make conjectures, this result was caused of change on the rebound model while ball impacting in high speed. Because of low correlation between impulse of impact and COR, it was difficult to find an effective method to project traditional baseballs’ COR. Modified baseball had a more simple structure, therefore each curve of parameter was relatively stable.

第壹章　緒論
第一節 問題背景----------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究目的----------------------------------- 5
第三節 研究限制----------------------------------- 5
第四節 名詞解釋----------------------------------- 6
第貳章 文獻探討
第一節 棒球的規格與構造--------------------------- 7
第二節 球與棒的碰撞現象--------------------------- 11
第三節 恢復係數的測量----------------------------- 13
第四節 回擊球速度與球員守備時間的關係------------- 17
第五節 總結--------------------------------------- 20
第參章 研究方法
第一節 研究對象----------------------------------- 21
第二節 實驗時間與地點----------------------------- 22
第三節 實驗儀器與設備----------------------------- 22
第四節 實驗步驟----------------------------------- 25
第五節 資料蒐集與分析----------------------------- 33
第肆章 結果與討論
第一節 結果--------------------------------------- 37
第二節 綜合討論----------------------------------- 52
第伍章 結論與建議
第一節 結論--------------------------------------- 61
第二節 建議--------------------------------------- 63
第三節 未來之研究方向----------------------------- 64
參考文獻
中文參考文獻-------------------------------------- 66
英文參考文獻-------------------------------------- 66
附錄
附錄一 受試棒球基本資料描述性統計表--------------- 70
附錄二 各品牌棒球各項參數分析圖------------------- 71

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