臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物入侵是全球生物多樣性的主要威脅之一，因此生態學家亟欲瞭解哪些因子對原生植物群落的可入侵性會產生重要的影響。目前已經有一些假說試圖釐清群落的可入侵性，然而生態系統非常複雜，單一假說卻過於簡單，因此野外觀察的研究結果常與假說不符。本研究希望藉由回顧與統整資源波動假說、壓力梯度假說、繁殖體壓力假說，以預測外來植物在群落內的分布現況，並期望經調查、分析後能進一步瞭解群落的可入侵性。本研究沿海岸山脈北段東側的台11省道、西側的193縣道進行調查，共設置了170個路邊草地小樣方、170個廢耕草地小樣方、148個次生林小樣方。結果顯示群落可利用資源的多寡、植物間的競爭與促進作用、外來植物的繁殖體壓力都會對群落的可入侵性產生重要的影響，因此若想對群落的可入侵性有更深入的瞭解，不能僅以單一假說來進行探討，而需同時考量上述因子的影響。未來除了應同時考量資源波動假說、壓力梯度假說、繁殖體壓力假的概念外，還必須瞭解各假說的限制，因為這些假說都無法適用於所有環境條件，認識各假說的限制後，才能依據樣區現況提出恰當的預測。本研究認為資源波動假說的限制是無法應用於植物交互作用頻繁的群落中，壓力梯度假說則是無法應用於植物交互作用不頻繁的群落中，繁殖體壓力假說是未考量生物因子、非生物因子對繁殖體存活率的影響。初步釐清上述假說的限制後，本研究嘗試結合這些假說的概念以提出新的觀點來預測群落的可入侵性。首先需思考群落內的限制資源是否匱乏，當資源未匱乏時，(一)若植物間的交互作用不頻繁，適合同時考量資源波動假說、繁殖體壓力假說進行預測；(二)若交互作用頻繁，適合考量壓力梯度假說、繁殖體壓力假說進行預測。當資源匱乏時，(三)若植物間的促進作用能增加資源，適合以壓力梯度假說、繁殖體壓力假說進行預測；(四)若促進作用無法增加資源，則適合以資源波動假說進行預測。

Ecologists have been trying to understand which factors influence the invisibility of indigenous plant communities since biological invasion has become one of the major threats to biodiversity globally. Although ecologists have proposed several hypotheses, however field results have not always matched their predictions. Field plot survey data of three habitat types (roadside green, abandoned cropland, secondary forest) along the highway 11 and 193 at Hualien County were used to test hypotheses of fluctuating resource availability, stress-gradient, and propagule pressure. Result suggested that factors of unused resource, competition and facilitation effects, alien-plant propagule significantly influence the invisibility of plant communities but contradictions of prediction from single hypothesis also suggested that integration of different hypotheses are needed. Hypothesis of fluctuating resources is unsuitable in the community which has weak interaction among plants. As in the community that the interaction among plants is strong then stress-gradient hypothesis does not hold. On the other hand, propagule pressure hypothesis ignores the effects of biotic factors and abiotic factors that influence the success of propagule of plant. Domain or limitation of specific hypothesis has to be clearly recognized before application of these hypotheses. A preliminary framework on application of these hypotheses is proposed. Firstly, whether resources availability is high or low is used to differentiate two environmental limitation categories. In the rich resources category, hypotheses of fluctuating resources availability and propagule pressure would apply if the interaction among plants is weak. If the interaction were strong then stress-gradient and propagule pressure could be held. In the poor resources category, both stress-gradient and propagule pressure should be considered if facilitation could enhance resource availability. On the other hand, as facilitation has little effect on resource availability, fluctuating resources might be the dominated hypothesis.

1. 前言 1
2. 研究區域概述 7
2.1 地理位置 7
2.2 氣候 8
2.3 地質 8
3. 研究方法 11
3.1 取樣方式 11
3.2 環境因子之量測 11
3.3 豐富度與優勢度評估 12
3.4 分析方法 12
4. 結果 15
4.1 植物屬性概述 15
4.1.1 路邊草地植物屬性 15
4.1.2 廢耕草地植物屬性 18
4.1.3 次生林植物屬性 21
4.2 三種植被類型小樣方之物種豐富度、覆蓋度的差異 24
4.3 外來植物豐富度、覆蓋度與其他因子的相關性 26
4.3.1 外來植物豐富度 26
4.3.2 外來植物覆蓋度 28
5. 討論 31
6. 結論 37
7. 引用文獻 39
8. 附錄 43
8.1 路邊草地植物名錄 43
8.2 廢耕草地植物名錄 47
8.3 次生林植物名錄 52

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