臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太陽能是一種極易取得的天然能源，它是不分地域的一種最便捷之能源，而且沒有污染的問題產生，目前未能被普遍應用，源於成本高、效率低，以及方便性的問題。
本人以磷擴散法製作太陽能電池的製程與其特性分析。以P型矽晶圓作為基板，利用磷擴散在高溫爐作高溫固態擴散製程，做出單晶矽太陽能電池之p-n接面。之後使用熱阻絲蒸鍍金屬鋁，形成太陽能電池正極及負極。在表面未做任何改善處理的太陽電池，由於折射率與入射介質之折射率不同，而導致入射光在電池表面的光學反射損失相當的大，所以必須針對表面作改善才能有效地降低光在表面的反射損失，進而提升入射光至電池內部的機會，能夠將光有效地完全利用，進而提升太陽能電池的轉換效率。
本研究有兩大方向：
第一，針對表面作改善處理（表面粗糙化），期望可在所選定的頻譜範圍內獲得反射率的降低。在單晶矽太陽能電池中的表面粗化，為使受光面積增大，入射光能夠多重反射、多重利用，使光線被吸收機會增加，太陽電池表面粗糙結構化（texture）設計是必然步驟，而逆金字塔凹槽結構為最佳之光封存表面結構，並且在高效率單晶矽太陽電池的製作中被廣為利用，本論文使用P型晶向的矽晶片作為基板，利用KOH溶液異向性蝕刻後可得到晶向之逆金字塔凹槽結構。對於KOH溶液在不同的溫度、時間下會有不同的蝕刻速率等製程參數進行研究。
第二，針對正電極和負電極，使用無電電鍍鎳和無電電鍍銅，具有低溫且製程簡易，在金屬鋁上增加鎳鍍層和銅加鎳鍍層，而電極金屬遮蔽所造成影響，是將遮蔽效應降低，必須減少金屬電極在主動區面積，但是太少的遮蔽面積則會造成在高電流時充填因子(Fill Factor)下降。所以試著去妥協這兩個效應以達到最佳的轉換效率，降低串聯電阻和並聯電阻，來提升轉換效率。
最後將表面粗糙化、無電電鍍法應用於太陽能電池上，藉著降低入射光在表面的反射，增加入射至電池內部的機會，還有降低串聯電阻和並聯電阻，進而提升太陽電池之效率。

The solar energy is a natural energy easily obtained, it is one of the most convenient, regardless of region of energy, and there is no pollution produced, it has not been widely used, due to high costs, low efficiency, and convenience issues.
In this study, phosphorus diffusion solar cells with characteristics of the manufacturing process. In this study, the p-type silicon wafer as a substrate, phosphorus diffusion at high temperature furnace diffusion process to make single-crystal silicon solar cell p-n junction. After using the thermal evaporation of aluminum wire to form a solar battery and the negative.
Without making any improvement in the surface treatment of the solar cell, due to the refractive index of incident medium refractive index and different, which led to the incident light in the cell surface of the optical return loss is quite large, it is necessary for improvement for the surface to effectively reduce the light on the surface reflection loss, enhance opportunities for the incident light to the internal battery can be fully effective use of light, thereby enhancing the conversion efficiency of solar cells.
Re-use of I-V measurement system voltage and current measurement curves, and measured open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current.
Traditional solar cells surface, did not make any improvement, incident light on the surface of the optical return loss is quite large. Therefore, we have to improve the surface of solar cells, can effectively reduce the surface reflection loss of light to enhance the opportunities within the incident light to the battery will be fully effective use of light to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar cells.
This study has two main directions:
First of all, for improvement for the surface treatment (surface roughness structured), hoping in the chosen spectral range, were lower reflectivity. In the single crystal silicon solar cells in the surface roughness, for the larger area affected by light, incident light to multiple reflection, the opportunity to increase light absorption. Solar cell structure of the surface roughness is an important step in the formation of inverted pyramids in the surface groove structure, and high efficiency single crystal silicon solar cell production is often used. In this study, using the P-type crystal to the silicon as a substrate. Reverse of etching using KOH solution, the crystalline structure of the inverse pyramid groove. KOH solution at different temperature and time, there is a different etching rate and process parameters were studied.
The second for the positive electrode and negative electrode, the use of nickel electroless plating and electroless plating of copper. This experiment has a low temperature and simple process, increasing the thickness of the metal electrode. The impact of metal shielding electrodes, metal electrodes must be reduced in the active area, but too little of the shadow area, resulting in high current, fill factor decreased. So try to compromise these two effects, to achieve the best conversion efficiency, to reduce series resistance and shunt resistance, to improve conversion efficiency.
Finally, the surface roughness, non-electrical plating method used in solar cells, by reducing the surface reflection of incident light and increase the chance the incident to the internal battery, as well as reduce the series resistance and shunt resistance, to improve the efficiency of solar cells.

Keywords: .

Contents

Chinese Abstract------------------------------------i
English Abstract
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Table
List of Figure

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Basic Principles of Solar Cell
1.3 Fundamental Parameters of Solar Cell
1.4 Quantum Efficiency of Solar Cells Measurement

Chapter 2 Experimental Procedure
2.1 Experimental Procedure of Basic Solar Cells
2.2 Experimental Procedure of Surface Texture for Solar Cells
2.3 Experimental Procedure of Electroless Nickel Plating and Electroless
Copper Plating
2.3.1 Principles of electroless nickel reaction
2.3.2 The Composition of Electroless Nickel Plating Solution
2.3.3 Aluminum Electroless Nickel Plating Substrate Activation Methods
2.3.4 Principles of Electroless Copper Reaction
2.4 Measurement Tool for Solar Cells

Chapter 3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Basic Solar Cells Characteristics Measured and Analysis
3.2 Surface Texture for Solar Cells Characteristics Measured and Analysis
3.3 Electroless Nickel Plating and Electroless Copper Plating for Solar
Cells
Characteristics Measured and Analysis
3.4 Incident Photon Conversion Efficiency Measured and Analysis
3.5 Scanning Electron Microscope Measured and Analysis
3.6 Summary

Chapter 4 Conclusions
4.1 Conclusions
4.2 Future Work

References

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