臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之主要目的探討不同高子材料製備出不同孔徑超過濾複合膜應用於含油廢水之油水分離。研究中利用水為沉澱劑並以濕式相轉換成型並改變鑄膜組成調整複合膜之表面結構。研究中利用環境掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察陶瓷複合膜表面及皮層結構、接觸角利用探討薄膜親疏水性並以超過濾系統探討含油廢水之油水分離性能。
研究中改變高分子濃度變化及鑄膜液添加劑製備出孔隙度差異之超過濾複合膜，其中所製備醋酸纖維素/丙酮複合膜，含油廢水COD為1,000,000ppm、濁度為10000NTU進行含油廢水分離測試，醋酸纖維素10wt%添加丙酮2.5wt％時，於操作壓力1kg/cm2下，其透出液通透量15 L /m2hr而濁度206NTU。以7.4wt%聚嗍碸膜製備複合膜，操作壓力3kg/cm2，其透出液通透量8L/m2hr濁度為125NTU。以聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素製備複合膜，聚嗍碸10wt%與醋酸纖維素1.40wt%，操作壓力3kg/cm2，其通透量15l/m2hr濁度為130NTU。以聚嗍碸/PEG製備複合膜，聚嗍碸9.6wt%與9.6PEGwt%，操作壓力3kg/cm2，其透出液通透量11L /m2hr濁度為140NTU。
由研究結果顯示以聚嗍碸膜所製備之複合膜處理含油廢水分離效果最佳，通透量可達8 L/m2hr，其選擇性較其它三種複合膜佳，可明顯降低含油廢水之濁度及COD。本研究在油水分離試驗結果發現，膜面孔洞大小與操作壓力、進料溫對於分離性能有顯著影響，複合膜具備有較佳的通透量及選擇性時，須有適當的孔洞特性及過濾過程之剪切力要高過貫穿膜面之穿透壓力。

The purpose of this study is to prepare a suitable ultrafiltration membrane with optimum pore size for oil/water separation via various polymers and different preparation compositions by wet phase inversion method. The water was used as coagulant and different casting compositions of polymer solution were used to prepare suitable pore size composite membranes. SEM was used for surface and cross section observation of composite membrane morphology. The hydrophilicity was determined by the water contact angle measurement. The separation performances of composite membranes wereclarified by the testof ultrafiltration with high cod oil/water wastewater.
It was found that the polymer concentration and additive content in casting solution significant affected the pore size and cross section structure of prepared membranes. The cellulouse composite membrane presented a 15 L /m2hr permeation flux and permeate turbidity was 206 NTU with 10000 NTU wastewater in feed, while the preparation condition is 10 wt% cellulous content and 2.5 wt % acetone additive in casting solution membranes.Thepolysulfone composite membrane with 7.4 wt% polymer content in casting solution presented a 8 L /m2hr permeation flux and permeate turbidity was 125 NTU with 10000 NTU wastewater in feed, while the operation pressure up to 3 atm. The polysulfone/ PEG blend composite membranes showed a 11 L /m2hr permeation flux and permeate turbidity was 140 NTU with 9.6 wt % polymer and 9.6 wt% PEG content in the casting solution.
The results indicated that the polysulfone composite membranes showed the superior performance in oil/water separation with a permeation flux up to 8 L /m2hr and significant improved the turbidity and COD removal of wastewater. It is concluded that the pore size on the surface of composite membrane, operation pressure and feed temperature of UF operation dominated the separation performance of oil/water separation. The optimum surface pore properties and shear force must be superior to the transport pressure of permeate transport through the membrane to obtain a high performance oil/water separation membrane.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract III
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XII
第一章、前言 1
第二章、文獻回顧 3
2-1、薄膜定義 3
2-1-1、薄膜分離程序之驅動力 3
2-1-2、薄膜材料 6
2-2、薄膜結構 8
2-3、薄膜型態 9
2-4、高分子薄膜之製備方式 11
2-5、高分子薄膜過濾方式 12
2-6、油水分離技術 14
2-7、浸塗法 17
2-8、油水分離膜油滴穿透理論 18
第三章、實驗材料與方法 20
3-1、實驗藥品及氣體 20
3-2、實驗儀器與設備 21
3-3、實驗方法 22
3-3-1、高分子鑄膜溶液配製 22
3-3-2、PSF陶瓷複合膜管之製備 22
3-3-3、CA陶瓷複合膜管之製備 23
3-3-4、陶瓷複合膜製備條件 24
3-3-5、平板膜之製備 24
3-3-6、陶瓷複合膜模組封裝 25
3-3-7、油水分離膜實驗步驟 26
3-3-8、通透量測定 27
3-3-9、濁度測定 27
3-3-10、透出液COD測試 28
3-3-11、環境掃描式電子顯微鏡 29
3-3-12、接觸角測試 29
第四章、結果與討論 30
4-1、醋酸纖維素/丙酮複合膜對油水分離性能探討 30
4-1-1、丙酮濃度變化對醋酸纖維素複合膜之結構影響 30
4-1-2、丙酮濃度變化對醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 34
4-1-3、聚嗍碸膜濃度變化對醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 36
4-1-4、不同油溫度對醋酸纖維素複合膜分離性能之影響 38
4-1-5、不同操作壓力對醋酸纖維素複合膜之影響 40
4-2、聚嗍碸複合膜對油水分離性能探討 42
4-2-1、聚嗍碸濃度變化對複合膜之結構影響 42
4-2-2、聚嗍碸濃度變化對複合膜通透量之影響 46
4-2-3、聚嗍碸濃度變化對複合膜選擇性之影響 49
4-2-4、不同油溫度對聚嗍碸複合膜分離性能之影響 51
4-2-5、不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸複合膜之影響 53
4-3、聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素複合膜對油水分離性能探討 55
4-3-1、聚嗍碸濃度變化/醋酸纖維素對複合膜之結構影響 55
4-3-2、聚嗍碸濃度變化/醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 59
4-3-3、聚嗍碸濃度變化/醋酸纖維素對複合膜選擇性之影響 62
4-3-4、不同油溫度對聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素複合膜分離性能之影 .63
4-3-5、不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素複合膜之影響 66
4-4、聚嗍碸/PEG複合膜對油水分離之性能探討 68
4-4-1、PEG濃度變化對聚嗍碸複合膜之結構影響 68
4-4-2、PEG濃度變化對聚嗍碸複合膜通透量之影響 71
4-4-3、PEG濃度變化對聚嗍碸複合膜選擇性之影響 74
4-4-4、不同油溫度對聚嗍碸複合膜分離性能之影響 75
4-4-5、不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸複合膜之影響 77
第五章、結論 80
參考文獻 82

 
圖目錄
圖2-1薄膜兩端相態系統分離及驅動力示意圖 4
圖2-2平板膜示意圖 10
圖2-3管狀式示意圖 10
圖2-4螺旋捲式示意圖 10
圖2-5中空纖維式示意圖 10
圖2-6截流式過濾 13
圖2-7掃流式過濾 13
圖2-8截流過濾與掃流式過濾的示意圖，以及在兩者操作中濾速與時間的關係 13
圖2-9油滴通過薄膜過濾的水動力平衡圖 18
圖3-1聚嗍碸之化學結構圖 20
圖3-2醋酸纖維素之化學結構圖 20
圖3-3 PSF複合膜製備流程 22
圖3-4 CA複合膜製備流程 23
圖3-5平版薄膜製備流程 25
圖3-6陶瓷複合膜(Ceramic Composite Films)模組示意圖 26
圖3-7油水分離測試膜組 27

圖4-1不同真空吸附秒數及丙酮添加量對醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 31
圖4-2不同丙酮濃度對醋酸纖維素膜結構之影響：0wt%至6 wt%之陶瓷複合膜結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜表面形態：500倍) 32
圖4-3不同丙酮濃度對醋酸纖維素膜結構之影響：0wt%至6 wt%之陶瓷複合膜結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜橫截面形態：500倍) 33
圖4-4不同丙酮濃度對醋酸纖維素複合膜之接觸角影響 35
圖4-5丙酮濃度變化對醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 36
圖4-6丙酮濃度變化對醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 37
圖4-7不同油溫度對醋酸纖維素膜/丙酮2.5wt％通透量之影響 39
圖4-8不同油溫對醋酸纖維素膜/丙酮2.5wt％選擇性之影響 39
圖4-9不同操作壓力對醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 41
圖4-10不同操作壓力對醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 41
圖4-11不同濃度聚嗍碸變化對複合膜結構之影響7.4 wt%至19.35 wt%之陶瓷複合膜結構影響SEM觀察圖 (膜表面形態：500倍) 44
圖4-12不同濃度聚嗍碸變化對複合膜結構之影響7.4 wt%至19.35 wt%之陶瓷複合膜結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜橫截面形態：500倍) 45
圖4-13不同聚嗍碸濃度對複合膜之接觸角影響 48
圖4-14不同濃度聚嗍碸對複合膜通透量之影響 48
圖4-15不同濃度聚嗍碸對複合膜選擇性之影響 50
圖4-16不同油溫度對10.7wt%聚嗍碸通透量之影響 52
圖4-17不同油溫度對10.7wt%聚嗍碸選擇性之影響 52
圖4-18不同操作壓力變化對聚嗍碸複合膜通量之影響 54
圖4-19不同操作壓力變化對聚嗍碸複合膜選擇性之影響 54
圖4-20醋酸纖維素/聚嗍碸7.29 wt%至19.10 wt%之陶瓷複合膜截面結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜橫截面形態：500倍) 57
圖4-21醋酸纖維素/聚嗍碸7.29 wt%至19.10 wt%之陶瓷複合膜截面結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜表面形態：500倍) 58
圖4-22不同聚嗍碸濃度/醋酸纖維素複合膜之接觸角影響 61
圖4-23不同聚嗍碸濃度/醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 61
圖4-24不同聚嗍碸濃度/醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 63
圖4-25不同油溫度對10wt%聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 65
圖4-26不同油溫度對10wt%聚嗍碸/醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 65
圖4-27不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸濃度/醋酸纖維素複合膜通透量之影響 .67
圖4-28不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸濃度/醋酸纖維素複合膜選擇性之影響 .67
圖4-29聚嗍碸/PEG不同濃度3.44 wt%至9.6 wt%之陶瓷複合膜截面結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜橫截面形態：1500倍) 69
圖4-30聚嗍碸/PEG濃度3.44 wt%至9.6 wt%之陶瓷複合膜截面結構影響SEM 觀察圖 (膜表面形態：500倍) 70
圖4-31不同PEG600濃度對聚嗍碸之複合膜之接觸角影響 73
圖4-32聚嗍碸/PEG600濃度變化通透量之影響 73
圖4-33聚嗍碸/PEG600濃度變化選擇性之影響 75
圖4-34不同油溫度聚嗍碸膜/PEG600通透量之影響 76
圖4-35不同油溫對聚嗍碸膜/PEG600選擇性之影響 77
圖4-36不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸/PEG複合膜通透量之影響 79
圖4-37不同操作壓力對聚嗍碸/PEG複合膜選擇性之影響 79

 
表目錄
表2-1各種薄膜分離程序之薄膜型態、驅動力、分離機構與應用範圍 5
表2-2各種不同聚合物的優缺點 7
表2-3油水分離技術各種技術優缺點 16
表3-1高分子/親水性材質(wt%) 24

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