臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

照明是人類的基本需求，隨著低壓氣體放電螢光燈(俗稱日光燈)的出現，其高發光效率逐漸地取代白熾燈泡。螢光燈因其負電阻特性，不能直接連接於交流電源中，所以需在螢光燈管與電源間加入安定器，以點亮燈管並穩定電流變化。螢光燈所使用的傳統電磁式安定器，由矽鋼片鐵芯及漆包線線圈所構成，造成發光效率不佳，隨著現代電子技術的發展與突破，在強調節能省電的時代及能源法規的要求下，電子式安定器逐漸成為照明設備的主流。使用電子式安定器點燈，除了性能優於一般傳統安定器外，更可設計異常偵測電路回路，在燈管發生異常狀況時，迅速觸發保護回路動作，關閉控制驅動訊號，以避免電子安定器損壞，並維護人員之生命安全。
本研究針對使用電子式安定器之螢光燈，對於燈管末期效應現象，由於燈絲消耗造成電子發射不足或無法產生電子發射時，產生燈管電流不對稱的現象，於文中提出相關燈管測試措施，以提供電子式安定器設計時有效之對策，達到完全偵測保護並實現多種型式燈管共用之目標，提供使用者更便利之使用性及安全性。

The illumination is humanity's primary need, along with the low-pressure gas electric discharge fluorescent lamp (is named daylight lamp) the appearance, because its luminous efficiency substitutes for the incandescent lamp bulb gradually, however the fluorescent lamp because of its negative resistance characteristic, cannot the direct connection in the alternating current supply, therefore needs joins the stabilizer between the fluorescence tube and the power source, lightens the tube and the steady state current change. The fluorescent lamp uses traditional electromagnetic stabilizer, because uses the silicon sheet steel ferrite core and the enamel-insulated wire coil constitutes, causes the luminous efficiency not to be good. Along with modern electronic technology's development breakthrough, in the emphasis energy conservation province electricity's time and under the energy laws' and regulations' request, the electronic ballast becomes lighting attachment's mainstream gradually.
The use electron ballast lights a lamp, surpasses the general traditional stabilizer besides the performance, may design exceptionally detects the electric circuit, when the tube has the unusual condition, triggers the protection circuit movement rapidly, the closure control actuation signal, avoids the electronic ballast damage, and safety of attendants. This research in view of fluorescent lamp use electronic ballast, regarding tube last stage effect phenomenon, when the filament consumption creates the electron emission insufficiency or is unable to have the electron emission, has the tube electric current asymmetrical phenomenon, in the article proposed that the related tube test measure, provides the electronic stabilizer designs when the effective countermeasure, achieves detects completely protects and realizes many kinds of pattern tubes to use in common the goal, provides the user a more convenient use and the security.

中文摘要.....................................................i
英文摘要.....................................................ii
誌謝.........................................................iii
目錄..........................................................iv
表目錄.........................................................vi
圖目錄.........................................................vii
符號說明.........................................................ix
第一章 緒論......................................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機...........................................1
第二節 研究目的................................................3
第三節 文獻回顧................................................4
第二章 螢光燈管之構造及發光原理....................................6
第一節 螢光燈的構造............................................6
第二節 螢光燈的發光原理.........................................9
第三節 螢光燈壽命性能的影響因素..................................9
第四節 螢光燈燈管的模型........................................10
第三章 電子式安定器設計電路架構分析................................13
第一節 電子安定器設計上考慮的相關課題............................13
第二節 電子式安定器之電路架構分析................................15
第四章 燈管末期效應現象影響及分析..................................31
第一節 燈管末期現象探討.........................................31
第二節 燈管末期現象測試.........................................32
第三節 燈管末期效應設計對策. ......... ..........................37
第五章 結論與展望.................................................40
參考文獻.........................................................41
自傳.............................................................45
表目錄
表4-1 FL40W正常燈管與末期燈管特性量測比較表..........................35
圖目錄
圖2-1 螢光燈管之構造圖..............................................6
圖2-2 螢光燈管模型等效電路圖........................................12
圖3-1 燈管工作頻率的考量圖..........................................14
圖3-2 電子式安定器之電路架構圖.......................................15
圖3-3 EMI、整流濾波回路.............................................18
圖3-4 主動功因修正回路架構圖.........................................19
圖3-5 降壓型回路架構圖...............................................20
圖3-6 昇壓型回路架構圖...............................................21
圖3-7 降昇壓型回路架構圖.............................................22
圖3-8 不連續電流模式................................................24
圖3-9 連續電流模式..................................................24
圖3-10 臨界導通模式.................................................24
圖3-11 推挽式架構圖.................................................26
圖3-12 Class-E架構圖...............................................26
圖3-13 半橋式架構圖.................................................27
圖3-14 全橋式架構圖.................................................28
圖3-15 串聯諧振串聯負載諧振電路架構圖.................................29
圖3-16 串聯諧振並聯負載諧振電路架構圖.................................30
圖3-17 串聯諧振串並聯負載諧振電路架構圖...............................30
圖4-1 正常燈管電流波形..............................................33
圖4-2 正常燈管電壓波形..............................................33
圖4-3 燈管末期模擬燈管(未點燈前).....................................34
圖4-4 燈管末期模擬燈管(點燈後).......................................34
圖4-5 末期燈管電流波形..............................................36
圖4-6 末期燈管電壓波形..............................................36
圖4-7 習用保護回路.................................................38
圖4-8 習用保護回路電壓準位..........................................38
圖4-9 改良習用保護回路.............................................39
圖4-10 改良習用保護回路電壓準位.....................................39

[1]M. K. Kazimierczuk, and W. Szaraniec, “Electronic Ballast for
Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.8,
No.4, pp.386-395, Oct, 1993.
[2]宓哲民、陳明堂，“不同類型燈管與安定器組合對日光燈特性效應之探討”，節約能源
論文發表會專輯，第117-125頁，民國八十五年。
[3] E. E. Hammer, and T.K. Mcgowan, “Characteristics of Various F40
Fluorescent Systems at 60 Hz and High Frequency,” IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.1A-21, No.1, pp.11-16,
1985.
[4] R. Verderber. “Electronic Ballast Improves Efficiency,”
Electronic Consultant , Vol.60, Nov.4, pp.22-26, Oct, 1980.
[5]吳財福、劉原全、余德鴻、洪金泉, “以電漿模型為負載之日光燈調光電子安定器分析
與設計” ,中華民國第十六屆電力工程研討會，第325-331頁，民國八十四年。
[6]莫清賢、李清然、陳宏男、黃永欣, “可調光電子安定器之螢光燈管模型,” 中華民國
第十六屆電力工程研討會，第332-336頁，民國八十四年。
[7]李清然、林子桐、莫清賢、顏豪呈, “溫度對螢光燈管高頻工作特性之影響,”中華民
國第十九屆電力工程研討會，第1154-1158頁，民國八十七年。
[8]Mader,U. and P. Horn, “A Dynamic Model for the Electrical
Characteristics of Fluorescent Lamps,” Conference Record of the
IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Vol.2, pp.1928-
1934, 1992.
[9]Liu, T., K.J. Tseng and D.M. Vilathgamuwa, “A Pspice Model for
the Electrical Characteristics of Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE 29th
Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vol.2, pp.1749-
1754, 1998.
[10]Ben-Yaakov, S., M. Shvartsas and S. Glozman，“Statics and
Dynamics of Fluorescent Lamps Operating at High Frequency:
Modeling and Simulation,” Fourteenth Annual Applied Power
Electronics Conference and Exposition, Vol.L, pp.467-472, 1999.
[11]Lin, R.L. and F.C. Lee, “Novel Zero-Current-Switching Zero-
Voltage-Switching Converter,” IEEE 27th Annual Power Electronics
Specialists Conference, Vol.1, pp.438-442, 1996.
[12]Deng, E. and S. Cuk, “Single Switch, Unity Power Factor, Lamp
Ballast,” Proc. of Applied Power Electronics Conference and
Exposition, Tenth Annual 2, Vol. 2, pp. 672-676, 1995.
[13]吳財福、黃華銘，自激式並聯諧振電子安定器專論，全華，台北，民國84年。
[14]吳財福、余德鴻，電子安定器綜論，全華書局，全華，台北，民國84年。
[15]吳清順，“單閘調光電子式安定器之最佳化研製”，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學，
台北，民國八十七年。
[16]謝冠群、宋平生、吳福泉、尹守信，“調光型電子式日光燈安定器之研製”，財團法
人台灣大電力研究試驗中心建教合作計劃成果報告，民國八十四年一月。
[17]林再福、林子桐、蔡懷進、莫清賢、李清然，“含溫度效應之螢光燈電路模型”，中
華民國第二十屆電力工程研討會，第 LQ6-LLQ頁，民國八十八年。
[18] T. F. Wu, J. C. Hung ,and T. H. Yu, “A PSpice Model for
Fluorescent Lamp Operated at High Frequencies,” Proceedings of
the 1995 IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on Industrial
Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, Vol.1, pp. 359-364,
Nov. 1995.
[19] C. S. Moo, H. C. Yen, Y. C. Hsieh, and C. R. Lee, “A
Fluorescent Lamp Model for High-Frequency Electronic Ballasts,”
Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE on Industry Applications
Conference, Vol. 5 , pp. 3361-3366, Oct. 2000.
[20]E. Gluskin, “Discussion of the Voltage Current Characteristic of
a Fluorescent,” IEE Proceedings, Vol. 136, Pt. A, No. 5, pp. 201-
206, 1989.
[21]C. S. Moo, Y. H. Chuang, Y. H. Huang, and H. N. Chen, “Modeling
of Fluorescent Lamps for Dimmable Electronic Ballasts,” IEEE
Industry Applications Society 1996 IAS Annual Meeting, pp. 2136-
2140, 1996.
[22]Tseng, K.J. “Dynamic Model of Fluorescent Lamp Implemented in
Pspice,” Proc. of the Power Conversion Conference – Nagaoka
1997, Vol.2, pp.859-864, 1997.
[23]E. E. Hammer, “Photocell Enhanced Technique for Measuring
starting Electrode Temperatures of Fluorescent Lamps,”
Proceedings of the IAS’97, pp.2313-2333, 1997.
[24]E. E. Hammer and L. Nerone, “Performance Characteristics of an
Integrally Ballasted 20W Fluorescent Quad Lamp,” Journal of
Illuminating Engineering Society, pp.183-190, 1993.
[25]Campbell, J.H., H.E. Schultz and D.D. Kershaw, “Characteristics
and Application of High-Frequency Fluorescent Lighting,”
Illuminating Engineering, pp.95-123, 1953.
[26]Verderber, R.R., O.C. Morse and W.R. Aling, “Harmonics from
Compact Fluorescent Lamps,” IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol.29, No.3, pp.672-674, 1993.
[27]M. Joshi and V. Agarwal, “Component Placement for Improved EMI
Performance in Power Electronic Circuits,” Proceedings of
APEC’98, pp. 911-917, Feb. 1998.
[28]史富元，“切換式電源供應器之雜訊分析與其 EMI 濾波器之設計”，碩士論文，國
立台灣大學電機工程研究所博士論文(民國84年)。
[29]Blance, C., M. Alonso, E. L’opez, A. Calleja and M. Rico, “A
Single Stage Fluorescent Lamp Ballast with High Power Factor,”
IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference, pp.616-621, 1996.
[30]Brioschi, R.O. and J.L.F. Vieira, “High Power Factor Electronic
Ballast with Constant DC Link Voltage,” IEEE 28th Annual Power
Electronics Specialists Conference, Vol.L, pp.82-85, 1997.
[31]Wu, T.F., M.C. Chiang and E.B. Chang, “Analysis and Design of a
High Power Factor, Single-Stage Electronic Ballast with Dimming
Feature,” IEEE Applied Power Electronic Conference, pp.1232-
1236, 1997.
[32]Schenk, K. and S. Cuk, “A Single -Switch Single-Stage Active
Power Factor Corrector with High Quality Input and Output,” IEEE
28th Ammual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vol.1,
pp.82-85, 1997.
[33]M Gulko and B.Yaakov, “Current-Sourcing Push-Pull Parallel-
Resonance Inverter(CS-PPRI): Theory and Applicaton as a
Fluorescent Lamp Driver,” Proceeding of APEC’93, pp. 411-417,
1993.