臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

發泡酚醛樹脂因為具質輕、防火、隔熱、隔音、低導熱、絕緣的性質而有廣泛的應用，本研究主要針對酚醛樹脂發泡後，經由燒結等步驟製成高耐熱性、耐油性、輕量化之材料。
本研究藉由不同組成比例之酚醛樹脂來控制發泡密度及結構，其後再經由不同控溫程序之慢速低溫燒結氧化，製備出一系列發泡酚醛樹脂氧化物。
經實驗發現，可以藉由調配不同發泡比例來控制自由發泡倍率再2.5倍至5.5倍之間。隨著燒結溫度的升高，材料的密度和三點彎曲強度皆有逐漸減少的趨勢；而體積收縮率則是和燒結溫度的升高而有逐漸增加的傾向，由熱重損失分析儀器可以看出隨著燒結溫度的升高，材料的耐熱性也有越佳的趨勢。而藉由控制不同發泡倍率，能歸納出隨著發泡倍率的增加，其三點彎曲強度和密度都有減少的趨勢；其耐熱性和體積收縮率會隨著發泡倍率的增加而增加。無論是未燒結還是燒結後的樣品，都有極高LOI值，且全都為UL 94 V-0等級。

Phenol formaldehyde resin foams are known for its low density, fire-resistance, low thermal conductivity, good soundproofing, and thermal insulation which have a wide variety of applications. In this research, we aim to make a material that has low density, high heat resistance, and good oil resistance properties by sintering phenolic foam with low temperature. Through the oxidation process with various temperatures and heating rates, a series of resin oxides comprised of different compositions were made.
The free foam expansion ratios were found between 2.5 and 5.5 with different formulas of phenolic foams. The densities and bending stresses of oxidized resins decreased while the volume shrinkages increased with the raising sintering temperatures. Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stabilities of phenolic foams, and the results showed that the stabilities improved with the higher oxidation temperature. Furthermore, the densities and bending stresses declined while the thermal resistances and volume shrinkages increased with larger foam expansion ratio. The phenolic resin foams are found with high Limiting Oxygen Index(LOI) , and met the V-0 level of UL 94, no matter the resins were sintered or not.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 1
1.2.1酚醛樹脂的發展 1
1.2.2酚醛樹脂的特性 4
1.2.3酚醛樹脂的應用 8
1.2.4發泡體 8
1.2.4.1發泡體的特性 8
1.2.4.2發泡體的分類 9
1.2.4.3發泡的原理 10
1.2.4.4氣泡的形成 11
1.2.4.5氣泡的成長 14
1.2.4.6氣泡的穩定性 14
1.2.4.7泡孔的結構 16
1.2.4.8發泡劑的種類和方式 16
1.2.5發泡酚醛樹脂 20
1.2.5.1發泡酚醛樹脂的特性 20
1.2.5.2發泡酚醛樹脂的原料 22
1.2.6碳化酚醛樹脂 26
1.2.6.1碳/碳複合材料 26
1.2.6.2酚醛基活性碳纖維 27
1.2.6.3酚醛玻璃碳 28
1.2.6.4碳化發泡酚醛樹脂 28
1.3研究目的 29
第二章 實驗 30
2.1實驗架構 30
2.2實驗模具 31
2.3實驗材料 32
2.4實驗方法 32
2.4.1樣品製備 32
2.4.2 實驗配方 33
2.4.3儀器原理及測試方法 33
2.4.3.1 自由發泡倍率 33
2.4.3.2 密度 34
2.4.3.3 燒結 34
2.4.3.4 三點彎曲測試 36
2.4.3.5 熱重損失分析儀 37
2.4.3.6 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 38
2.4.3.7 掃描式電子顯微鏡 40
2.4.3.8 極限需氧指數（Limiting Oxygen Index，LOI）值檢測 41
2.4.3.9 燃燒試驗（UL 94 V燃燒試驗） 42
2.4.3.10 收縮率 45
第三章 結果與討論 46
3.1發泡比例探討 46
3.1.1 自由發泡倍率 46
3.1.2 三點彎曲 47
3.1.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡 48
3.1.4 極限需氧指數（Limiting Oxygen Index，LOI） 53
3.1.5 燃燒試驗（UL 94 V燃燒試驗） 54
3.2 低溫燒結探討 55
3.2.1 燒結條件設定 55
3.2.2 三點彎曲 56
3.2.3 熱重損失分析儀 57
3.2.4 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 60
3.2.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡 62
3.2.6 極限需氧指數（Limiting Oxygen Index，LOI） 69
3.2.7 燃燒試驗（UL 94 V燃燒試驗） 70
3.2.8 密度 71
3.2.9 收縮率 72
3.3發泡結構探討 73
3.3.1 三點彎曲 73
3.3.2 熱重損失分析儀 74
3.3.3掃描式電子顯微鏡 76
3.3.4 極限需氧指數（Limiting Oxygen Index，LOI） 81
3.3.5 燃燒試驗（UL 94 V燃燒試驗） 81
3.3.6 密度 82
3.3.7 收縮率 83
第四章 結論 84
參考文獻 85

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