臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

彈藥的研製與廢舊彈藥的處理皆所費不貲又潛藏風險。面對日益嚴格的環保要求及廢棄物再利用之趨勢，傳統的廢舊彈藥處理方式已不合時宜。故尋求低汙染、低風險、安全又能回收再利用的廢舊彈藥處理機制是未來的主流。超臨界流體分離技術是近年新興化工的技術，配合使用二氧化碳當作溶劑，則有低汙染、無毒、無焰、便宜及可在低溫操作等優點。本研究成功地使用超臨界二氧化碳流體開發新的TNT及B炸藥低溫脫藥製程，及利用超臨界流體快速膨脹法製造TNT微粒，研究成果將有助於國軍評估以超臨界低溫脫藥製程脫除廢舊彈藥TNT及其再利用之可行性評估。

The manufactures of ammunitions and the treatments of waste ammunitions need more budget and also have the risk managements during the processes. Facing the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection, and the trend of reuse of waste matters, the conventional treatments of waste ammunitions are out of date. Therefore, the low pollute, low risk, high safety and reuse processes to handle the waste ammunitions are the main streams in the future. The supercritical fluid separation process is new technology in recent years. Using CO2 as a solvent have some advantages like waste minimization, nontoxic, nonflammable, inexpensive, usable at mild temperature. In this study, the noval processes of low temperature melting-out of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Composition B were developed, and the micronized particles obtained from rapid expansion of supercritical solution. These results could facilitate the feasible assessment of the alternative process for melting-out from the waste ammunitions and the reuse of the melting out TNT.

誌 謝 ii
摘 要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
1. 緒 論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 研究流程 2
1.4 論文架構 3
2. 文獻回顧 4
2.1廢彈處理技術回顧 4
2.1.1 拆卸與脫藥 6
2.1.2 銷毀 8
2.1.3 資源回收、再生及再利用 11
2.2 國軍現行廢彈處理簡介 11
2.2.1 TNT性質簡介 12
2.2.2 B炸藥性質簡介 13
2.2.3國軍現行廢彈處理發展 13
2.3 廢彈處理對環境的影響 14
2.3.1 傾倒 14
2.3.2 熱處理 14
2.3.3 其他工業處理方法 15
2.3.4 紅黃廢水處理 16
2.4 超臨界流體簡介 17
2.4.1 超臨界流體定義與發展 17
2.4.2 超臨界二氧化碳流體性質 21
2.4.2.1 密度 22
2.4.2.2 擴散係數與黏度 25
2.4.2.3 極性 26
2.4.2.4 溶解度 28
2.5 超臨界二氧化碳流體在廢棄含能材料之應用 29
2.6 超臨界二氧化碳流體在彈頭脫藥之應用 30
2.6.1 超臨界流體低溫脫藥 32
2.6.2 超臨界流體膨脹脫藥 36
2.7 超臨界流體粉體製造技術 37
2.7.1 快速膨脹法 37
2.7.2 氣體飽和溶液沉積法 41
2.7.3 超臨界反溶劑沉積法 42
2.7.4 膨脹液相減壓法 43
2.7.5 微粒技術使用的選擇 44
3. 實　驗 46
3.1 藥品 46
3.2 儀器 46
3.3 實驗規劃與執行 50
3.3.1 TNT及B炸藥熔點降低實驗 50
3.3.2 模擬TNT彈頭進行低溫脫藥實驗 53
3.3.3 模擬B炸藥彈頭進行低溫脫藥實驗 56
3.3.4 TNT微粒化實驗 58
4. 結果與討論 59
4.1 TNT在超臨界流體中熔點降低現象 59
4.2 TNT熔點降低實驗 62
4.2.1 25℃變壓之TNT熔點降低實驗 62
4.2.2 35℃變壓之TNT熔點降低實驗 63
4.2.3 45℃變壓之TNT熔點降低實驗 63
4.2.4 55℃變壓之TNT熔點降低實驗 64
4.2.5 65℃變壓之TNT熔點降低實驗 65
4.2.6 TNT在超臨界流體中熔點降低探討 66
4.3 B炸藥熔點降低測試 69
4.4 模擬彈頭低溫脫藥實驗測試 73
4.4.1 模擬彈頭TNT定壓脫藥實驗 73
4.4.2 模擬彈頭TNT定溫脫藥實驗 77
4.4.3 模擬彈頭TNT放大脫藥實驗 79
4.4.4 模擬B炸藥彈頭進行低溫脫藥 82
4.4.4.1 二步驟脫藥實驗結果 82
4.4.4.2 二步驟急驟減壓脫藥 85
4.5 TNT微粒化實驗 89
5. 結　論 92
參考文獻 93

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