臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據調查顯示目前儲冰式空調系統在台灣已增至有350套以上，累積儲冰量達一百萬噸—小時（RTh）以上，對轉移電力尖峰負載有相當的助益。儲冰系統之泵浦將冰水（或滷水）泵送至主機、儲冰槽或熱交換器（負載端），不論空調負載是全載或是部分負載，泵浦均是在全流量下運轉，使其浪費能源。以抽樣調查的方式得知儲冰系統泵浦（儲冰主機泵浦及融冰泵浦）的耗電量佔全整個儲冰系統的8％∼26％，可見泵浦耗能佔整個儲冰系統相當多的比例。由ASHRAE標準 90.1 中提到37kW及揚程300kPa以上之泵浦建議使用變流量節能，可知變流量系統已成為空調送水系統之節能主流方案。本文研究探討變頻器所產生之變流量效果，應用於儲冰系統中的主機泵浦及融冰泵浦兩部分之節能潛力。
本研究是以內融冰盤管式（Internal melt ice-on-coil）儲冰系統為範疇，在各運轉模式下，建立主機泵浦及融冰泵浦以變流量方法降低泵浦送水耗能量之分析模式。並以一儲冰系統實際案例，經由動態空調負載估算儲冰槽應有之逐時釋冷量、解析儲冰槽融冰特性、融冰時理論流量及泵浦耗能等程序，模擬出全年泵浦耗能量之理論值。再與實際案例監控系統之一年歷史資料比較分析，以印證變流量下泵浦之節能潛力。

According to some investigation, the number of cool storage air-conditioning systems accumulated over the years has reached more than 350 sets in Taiwan. The total storage tank capacity has also accumulated above 1 million RTh. It has played a significant role in shifting peak power load due to air-conditioning. Pumps are used in cool storage air-conditioning systems to deliver the chilled water (or brine water) through chillers, storage tanks or heat exchanger (load side). Either in full or partial cooling load situation, the pumps often operate in full flow rate and some pumping power is thus wasted. By a survey and a simple analysis, the power consumption of the pumps of a cool storage system (circulation through the chillers and the storage tanks) ranges between 8%~26%. ASHRAE STANDARD 90.1 suggests that pumps with capacity above 37kW and 300kPa should install variable-speed-drive for energy conservation. This indicates that variable speed drive (e.g. variable frequency drive) has become a main energy conservation measure. The study presents the results of the energy conservation potential when variable speed drive is applied to chiller pumps and ice melting pumps in cool storage systems.
The study focuses on internal melt ice-on-coil cool storage systems. The model of analysis for chiller pumps and ice melting pumps with variable-flow operations are built in this study. The analysis was done using a yearly dynamic cooling load profile to calculate the hourly cooling and water flow rate requirements. A practical case was used for computation of the dynamic cooling load, discharge rate required of the storage tanks, and tanks discharging characteristic. Thus theoretical pump flow rates and pumping power during the discharging of storage capacity can be obtained. Theoretical pumping energy for a year was computed and is good agreement with an actual case if actual operation conditions are considered. It is found that pumping energy saving potential of more than 60% is feasible with variable flow design of pumping systems.

摘要
ABSTRACT
誌謝
目 次
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究動機
1.3 研究目的及範圍
1.4 儲冰式空調系統概論
1.5 文獻回顧
第二章 儲冰系統變流量節能分析
2.1 泵浦耗能分析
2.2 主機空調及融冰共用模式
2.3 主機空調模式
2.4 儲冰模式
2.5 融冰模式
第三章 融冰變流量模擬分析
3.1 動態空調負載估算
3.2 儲冰槽融冰性能與特性分析
3.3 理論流量解析
3.4 融冰變流量節能分析
第四章 實測案例分析
4.1 實測案例系統架構
4.2 測試數據整理與分析
第五章 結論與建議
第六章 參考資料
附錄及符號(公式)彙整

【1】經濟部能源委員會，儲冰式空調系統推廣服務計畫全程總結，經濟部能源委員會，台北，(1994)
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【3】ASHRAE STANDARD 90.1-1999 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Building, pp.25-46 , USA, ( Dec. 2000)
【4】Michel A. Bernier, Bernard Bourret, “Pumping Energy And Variable Frequency Drives”, ASHRAE Journal, pp.37-40( Dec. 1999)
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【8】楊冠雄，儲冷式空調系統分析，初版，中華民國建築師公會全國聯合會出版社，台北，(1991)
【9】蔡尤溪、韓百詳，現場實用空調儲冰系統之測試方法完成報告，台灣電力股份有限公司，台北，(1998)
【10】ASHRAE ,”Chapter 39 Centrifugal Pump” ,ASHRAE HANDBOOK 2000 HVAC Systems and Equipment, , pp.39.1-39.16, USA, (2000)
【11】Charles E. Dorgan, James S. Elleson “Design Guide For Cool Thermal Storage” , ASHRAE , pp.4.1-9.13, USA, (1993)