臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
這三本兒童小說是年少主角發現自己在陌生世界為”外星人”的冒險故事。Saint-Exupery 的小王子確實是外星人，因為雖然作者讓他看起非常像人類，但他來自另一個星球。E. B. White 的 Stuart 實際上是一隻老鼠，但心理和情緒上各方面看起來都像個少年。Lewis Carroll的 Alice 是一位人類女孩進入陌生和不熟悉的世界。所有三個情況下，主角都曾經闖入外星世界而被異化，也可以說是「自我異化」，而不知自己是誰。因此三個故事主角的冒險是一種與探險和「發現」他們所在世界的「自我發掘」。
哲學家Hegel 說主體對外界物體(或世界)的認知無可避免讓他/她知道他/她本身是一個主體，也就是說，是一個不論如何試圖透過「瞭解」來與目標世界成為一體的獨立自我意識。因此心理學家Lacan 說當一個人類嬰兒首次瞭解或知道在鏡中看到的物體(人)是他/她自己時，雖然也表示瞭解一個人本身永遠是分離和二元：我們只能看到我們在鏡中的影像而永遠不可能看到自己。這些是兩種看法，加上Freud的本我/自我/超我理論 (潛意識/意識/超我)會被用來討論小王子所採的「自我發掘」過程、Stuart和Alice 從不熟悉到越來越熟悉世界的旅程。這三個不斷提問主角的智慧和好奇心將扮演關鍵的角色，他們的天真、勇氣以及善與愛的能力，亦即人性也是。

Abstract
These three children’s novels are tales of adventure in which the young protagonists find themselves to be "aliens" in a strange world. Saint-Exupery’s little prince is actually an alien, as he comes from another planet though the author makes him seem very human; E. B. White’s Stuart is physically a mouse but mentally and emotionally seems in every way like a young boy; Lewis Carroll’s Alice is a human girl who enters a strange and unfamiliar world. In all three cases the main characters, having been thrust into an alien world, are “alienated” where this term can also mean “self-alienated,” not knowing who we ourselves are. Thus all three cases the protagonist’s adventure is one of “self-discovery” where this is closely related to the exploration and “discovery” of the world they find themselves in.
The philosopher Hegel says the subject’s perception of the object (or world) outside of him inevitably makes him/her aware of him/herself as a subject, that is, as an isolated self-consciousness which will nonetheless seek to unify itself with the objective world through “understanding.” Thus the psychologist Lacan speaks of the moment when a human infant first realizes or understands that the object (person) that he/she sees in the mirror is him/herself, which however also meanings realizing that one’s self is always split, always a duality: we can never see ourselves but only our image in the mirror. These are two of the approaches, along with Freud’s theory of the id/ego/superego (unconscious/conscious mind/superego) that will be used to discuss the process of “self-discovery” undertaken by the little prince, Stuart and Alice in their journey through an unfamiliar world that becomes increasingly familiar. The intelligence and curiosity of these three protagonists, who are constantly asking questions, will inevitably play a key role, as will their innocence, courage, and capacity for kindness and love, that is, their humanity.

Table of Content


Contents
Cover i
A thesis submitted to ii
Chinese Culture University Dissertation/Thesis Deposit Agreement iii
The members of the committee approve the thesis iv
Table of Content vi
Abstract vii
Chinese Abstract viii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1
Chapter One Theories of Alienation: Piaget, Hegel, Freud, and Lacan 3
A. Key Concepts in Piaget 3
B. Key Concepts in Hegel, Freud, and Lacan 7
Chapter Two Alienation and Self-Understanding in The Little Prince 14
A. The Prince’s Physical, Emotional and Spiritual Alienation 14
B. Seeking Understanding through Making
Connections/Forming Relationships 21
C. The Child-Adult Difference Interpreted in Terms of Alienation 28
Chapter Three Alienation and Self-Understanding in Stuart Little 34
A. Fear, Love, and Courage: the Cat and the Bird 39
B. Going North: Alienation and (Self-) Orientation 46
Chapter Four Alienation and Self-Understanding in
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass 50
A. Metamorphosis and the Problem of Self-Identity 52
B. Language, Logic, Nonsense, and Absurdity 61
Conclusion 69
Work Citied 74

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