臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用PCR技術經由ITS 菌種鑑定後確認本菌科為Trichoderma asperellum。木黴菌對於真菌之防治就有相當的顯著效果，從對峙試驗中可以發現對木瓜蒂腐病菌 [Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Papaya)]抑制率高達66%，然而對水稻紋枯病菌 (Rhizoctonia solani)只有27%的抑制率，但對24種真菌病原菌有16種有50%以上的抑制率。利用木黴菌產生的代謝物質所做的抑制試驗，生長抑制率遠高於直接與菌體之對峙試驗，24種不同真菌病原菌中有7種是100%的完全抑制，其餘都有70%以上的生長抑制率，但對黃萎病菌 (Fusarium sp.) 和冬瓜萎凋病菌 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae) 的抑制效果不張。生物肥料試驗顯示木黴菌運用在甘藍作物上的效果相當良好，只要有添加木黴菌就有明顯的效果，其中又以108孢子數/g之100倍稀釋拌土300倍澆灌為最佳，不論是甘藍的上半部的葉面或者是地下根重與對照組比較都有相當顯著表現。小白菜作物也有明顯的效果，但不如甘藍作物來的明顯，小白菜最佳效果的處理為木黴菌濃度為稀釋50倍拌土/300倍澆灌，不管是上半部的葉重或下半部根重，都是為最佳處理。在生物防治試驗方面，木黴菌有效防治番茄晚疫病，倍率最濃的50倍拌土/300倍澆灌雖然沒有有效的防治，但在100倍拌土/300倍澆灌的處理組中，番茄的存活率高達了92.04%，比起對照組的74.64%的存活率高出了許多。這顯示出木黴菌是有效抑制住番茄晚疫病，但是木黴菌的稀釋倍率濃度必須要在100倍拌土/300倍澆灌。

ABSTRACT
During the experiment, we used the PCR technology by ITS strain identification to make sure it is Trichoderma asperellum. We can find out that Trichoderma sp. prevention of the fungi, Trichoderma sp. have significant effect. The result of the test shows us that confrontation of Botyodiplodia theobromae Pat. inhibition rate up to 66%, but not all the fungus can be confronted. The Trichoderma sp. can’t not really confront Rhizoctonia solani, the result show that confrontation rate only up to 27%. We have run 24 kinds of fungus and there are 16 kinds of fungus confrontation are more than 50%. The use of Trichoderma sp. produce chitin inhibition test, the inhibition effect is much better than the confrontation test. In 24 different pathogenic fungus, there are 7 fungus can be complete inhibit. The other fungus are 70% or more inhibition, except the Fusarium sp. and the Fusarim oxysporum f. sp. benincasae are not doing well. Biological control trials and bio-fertilizer trials show Trichoderma sp. use on cabbage effect is quite good, as long as there is added Trichoderma sp. have significant results. The among of the Trichoderma sp. powder which 100 were mixed with soil 300 mix with watering is the best, whether it is a cabbage of the leaf or the underground root weight have considerable significant growth. There is also the effect of the growth of Chinese cabbage, but not as obvious to make the best cabbage growing Trichoderma sp. powder was 50 is mixed with soil and 300 with watered, either on the top or bottom half of the leaf secondary root weight, are for the best rate. In terms of biological control experiment, Trichoderma sp. effective prevention and treatment of Phytophthora infestans. Although no effective control in the experimental group of 50 times with soil and 300 times with water, but 100 times in 300 mixed with soil watered treatment group, the survival rate of up tomato up 92.04 percent.

目錄
中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
壹、前言 1
一、生物防治之簡介 1
(一) 定義 1
(二) 生物防治之應用 2
二、生物肥料之簡介 2
(一) 定義 2
(二) 生物肥料之應用 3
三、木黴菌 4
四、番茄晚疫病 7
五、研究目的 8
貳、材料與步驟 9
一、菌種來源及保存 9
二、木黴菌之分子鑑定 9
(一) genomic DNA之萃取 9
(二)核苷酸序列聚合酶連鎖反應、定序與比對 10
三、木黴菌對植物病原菌之抑制試驗 10
(一)木黴菌對植物病原真菌對峙培養法(Dual culture method) 10
(二)木黴菌對植物病原真菌之玻璃紙抗生法(Cellophane paper method) 11
四、木黴菌促進植物生長效果評估 12
五、木黴菌溫室對番茄晚疫病防治效果 13
參、結果 15
一、木黴菌之分子鑑定 15
二、木黴菌對植物病原菌之抑制試驗 15
(一)木黴菌對植物病原菌之抑制試驗(Dual culture method) 15
(二)木黴菌對植物病原真菌之玻璃紙抗生法(Cellophane paper method) 14
三、木黴菌對甘藍之肥料試驗 16
四、木黴菌對小白菜之肥料試驗 17
五、木黴菌溫室對番茄晚疫病防治效果試驗 18
肆、討論 20
伍、參考文獻 26
陸、圖表 33

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