臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據多項研究顯示不論在時間或是空間上，3GHz以下頻帶使用率約為15％∼85％，在3GHz以上的頻帶使用率更是相當低。因此美國聯邦通訊委員會（FCC）提出感知無線電系統（Cognitive Radio System），藉由偵測以及調整使用頻帶可以在不影響正規使用者的情形下提高頻帶使用率。為了能夠同時傳送多頻帶的訊號，傳送端必須要有一個寬頻功率放大器去適應這種系統。
本論文主要研究內容為射頻功率放大器的理論以及設計。我們分析了各種寬頻功率放大器的技巧，最後採用網路合成寬頻匹配的方法去實現寬頻功率放大器。
寬頻功率放大器的製作採用WIN GaAs 0.15μm PHEMT製程，架構為串接兩級共源極放大器，並將所有電路整合入單晶片內，這個功率放大器的操作頻寬為3GHz ~ 7.5GHz、功率增益為19.6dB ~ 21.6dB、輸出1-dB壓縮點為21.5dBm ~ 22.9dBm、功率增加效率為19.5% ~ 29.5%。

According to some researches, no matter in the time domain or in the spatial domain, that the usage of spectrum with utilization ranging from 15% to 85% in the bands below 3 GHz. At frequency above 3 GHz the actual utilization is dramatically lower. The FCC has issued the Cognitive Radio System, this system can improve the utilization of spectrum without interfere with the users who have primary rights to use the spectrum by sensing and changing the transmitted band. In order to transmit signal in multiple frequency bands, there should be a broadband power amplifier in transmitter to adapt to this system.
Circuit design and theory of RF power amplifier are the main research points of this thesis. We analyze some kinds of broadband power amplifier technique and finally we decided to design broadband power amplifier with network synthesis broadband matching.
We use WIN GaAs PHEMT 0.15μm process to design broadband power amplifier. We cascade two common source amplifiers, and all matching networks are integrated into single chip. Operation frequency of this power amplifier is from 3GHz to 7.5GHz, power gain is from 19.6dB to 21.6dB, output P1dB is from 21.5dBm to 22.9dBm and PAE is from 19.5% to 29.5%.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction..............................................1
Chapter 2 Overview of RF Power Amplifiers................5
2.1 General Consideration of RF Power Amplifiers........5
2.2 Nonlinearity Characterization.....................8
2.2.1 Linearity Characterization..................9
2.2.2 One-tone Test...............................9
2.2.3 Two-tone Test..............................11
2.2.4 Multi-tone and Digital Modulated Signal Test......14
2.3 Classification of RF Power Amplifiers............14
2.4 Stability Consideration..........................16
Chapter 3 Broadband Power Amplifier Techniques..........19
3.1 Introduction.....................................19
3.2 LC ladder Broadband Matching Power Amplifier.....19
3.3 Balanced Power Amplifier.........................21
3.4 Push-Pull Power Amplifier........................23
3.5 Distributed Power Amplifier......................25
3.6 Comparison.......................................27
Chapter 4 Design of Broadband Power Amplifier...........29
4.1 Introduction.....................................29
4.2 Network Synthesis Broadband Matching ............30
4.2.1 Introduction...............................30
4.2.2 Filter.....................................30
4.2.3 Norton Transformation......................35
4.2.4 Conclusion.................................41
4.3 Design Flow of Broadband Power Amplifier.........42
4.4 Development of PHEMT Broadband Power Amplifier...43
4.4.1 Circuit Design.............................43
4.4.2 Simulation and Measurement Results.........64
4.4.3 Discussion.................................73
Chapter 5 Conclusion....................................76
References...............................................78
Appendix A Load-pull Impedance of Output Stage...........82
Appendix B Load-pull Impedance of Driver Stage...........86
Appendix C SiGe Broadband Power Amplifier................90
C.1 Circuit Design...................................90
C.2 Simulation and Measurement Result................93
C.3 Discussion.......................................97

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