臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，循環式流體化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)鍋爐已被廣泛應用，然而其混燒後所產生之混燒飛灰(co-fired fly ash,CFFA)並未有妥善永續處理與應用方式。循環式流體化床鍋爐混燒後所產生之CFFA，因其具有燃燒溫度低(850~900 oC);燃燒過程中會添加石灰石作為脫硫劑，使其物理性質及化學性質與燃煤鍋爐生產出的粉煤飛灰(pulverized coal fly ash﹐PCFA)不同，導致其無法像 PCFA一樣能直接使用於營建材料中。本研究主要分為三個階段，第一階段為探討添加CFFA於水泥灰漿時對其膠凝性質影響，其固定水膠比0.45，試驗變數為CFFA依重量比取代水泥量0%、25%、50%、75%、100%，試驗項目為抗壓強度試驗、初凝時間試驗、拌合用水量試驗;第二階段為探討添加CFFA於水泥砂漿時對其性能影響，並與PCFA水泥砂漿性能做比較，試驗變數為水膠比(0.45、0.55)、CFFA依重量比取代水泥量0%、10%、20%、30%，CFFA依重量比取代細粒料0%、5%、10%，PCFA依重量比取代水泥量0%、10%、20%、30%，試驗項目為流度試驗、長度變化試驗、吸水率試驗、抗壓強度試驗、抗硫酸鹽試驗;第三階段為混和添加CFFA及PCFA於水泥砂漿時對其性能影響，試驗變數為水膠比(0.45、0.55)、CFFA依重量比取代水泥量0%、10%，CFFA依重量比取代細粒料0%、5%，PCFA依重量比取代水泥量0%、10%，試驗項目為流度試驗、長度變化試驗、吸水率試驗、抗壓強度試驗、抗硫酸鹽試驗。
試驗結果顯示:第一階段(1)CFFA取代水泥量越多若欲維持相同流動值，得增加拌合用水量;(2)隨CFFA取代水泥量增加試體抗壓強度下降初凝時間愈長。第二階段(1)CFFA取代膠結料量30%時，使用2%強塑劑對其流度值無明顯的改善;(2)CFFA取代細粒料有助於降低吸水率、提升抗硫酸鹽能力、增加抗壓強度;取代膠結料時會增加吸水率、降低收縮率、提升抗硫酸鹽能力、降低抗壓強度;(3)相同膠結料取代量下，CFFA取代膠結料砂漿收縮率低於PCFA砂漿收縮率;(4)相同膠結料取代量下，CFFA砂漿抗壓強度高於PCFA砂漿抗壓強度;(5)相同膠結料取代量下，砂漿試體經硫酸鈉乾溼循環試驗後抗壓強度折減百分比，CFFA砂漿低於PCFA砂漿。第三階段(1)相同膠結料取代量下，混合使用PCFA與CFFA砂漿收縮率低於分別使用PCFA與CFFA砂漿收縮率;(2)相同膠結料取代量下，混合使用PCFA與CFFA砂漿抗壓強度高於分別使用PCFA與CFFA砂漿抗壓強度;(3)相同膠結料取代量下，砂漿經硫酸鈉乾溼循環試驗後抗壓強度折減百分比， CFFA砂漿低於混合使用PCFA與CFFA砂漿。

In recent years, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is widely used , there is no formal reference for using the byproduct co-firing fly ash . This industrial byproduct is derived from a CFB boiler. The combustion process which has a low combustion temperature (850 ~ 900 oC) will add limestone as a sorbent. The physical and chemical properties of CFFA are different from pulverized coal fly ash (PCFA). PCFA can be directly used in making concrete, but not CFFA. This study is divided into three phases. The first stage investigates that use CFFA for mortar’s cementitious influences. Fixed water-cement ratio 0.45. Test variable is the CFFA substitution cement amount which according to weight ratio 0%、25%、50%、75%、100%. Test project is the compressive strength test, the initial setting time test, mix water test. The second stage the performance in adding CFFA to cement mortar is also investigated and the results compared with PCFA mortar’s performance. Test variable is the water-cement ratio (0.45 and 0.55) , CFFA substitution cement amount which according to weight ratio 0%、10%、20%、30% , CFFA substitution fine aggregate amount which according to weight ratio 0%、5%、10%, PCFA substitution cement amount which according to weight ratio 0%、10%、20%、30%. Test project is the flow test, length change test, water absorption test, compressive strength test, resistance to sulphate test. The first stage investigates that mixed use CFFA and PCFA for mortar performance influences. Test variable is the water-cement ratio (0.45 and 0.55) , CFFA substitution cement amount which according to weight ratio 0%、10% , CFFA substitution fine aggregate amount which according to weight ratio 0%、5% ,PCFA substitution cement amount which according to weight ratio 0%、10%. Test project is the flow test, length change test, water absorption test, compressive strength test, resistance to sulphate test.
Test results indicate. The first stage (1)CFFA replace the cement amount Increase, requires more water to maintain the same flow values (2)CFFA replace the cement amount Increase mortar compressive strength decreased, longer the initial setting time. The second stage (1)CFFA replace cement quantity 30%, 2% added plasticizer does not improve flow values (2)CFFA replace fine aggregate, help to reduce water absorption, enhances ability to resist sulfate attack and increases compressive strength; CFFA replace cementitious materials, Increase water absorption, enhances ability to resist sulfate attack and reduce compressive strength (3)The same binder substitute, CFFA mortar shrinkage less than PCFA mortar (4)The same binder substitute, CFFA mortar compressive strength higher than PCFA mortar (5) The same binder substitute, mortar wet and dry cycle test compressive strength reduction percentage, CFFA mortar below the PCFA mortar. The third stage (1)Mixes CFFA and PCFA mortar shrinkage is less than using individual CFFA and PCFA mortar under the same quantity replacement (2)Mixes CFFA and PCFA mortar compressive strength is higher than using individual CFFA and PCFA mortar under the same quantity replacement (3)CFFA mortar wet and dry cycle test compressive strength reduction percentage is lower than using mixes CFFA and PCFA mortar under the same quantity replacement.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2研究目的 1
1-3研究方法與流程 2
第二章 文獻回顧 1
2-1影響混凝土性質之因素 1
2-1-1影響混凝土抗壓強度之因素 1
2-1-2混凝土劣化之因素 2
2-1-3添加礦物摻料對混凝土性質的影響 3
2-2卜作嵐材料 3
2-2-1卜作嵐定義 3
2-2-2卜作嵐反應 4
2-2-3粉煤飛灰(PCFA)來源 4
2-2-4粉煤飛灰外觀與性質 5
2-2-5粉煤飛灰對水泥質材料影響 6
2-3循環式流體化床鍋爐 7
2-3-1循環式流體化床鍋爐燃燒原理 7
2-3-2循環式流化床鍋爐燃燒技術 8
2-3-3循環式流化床鍋爐脫硫技術與脫硝技術 9
2-3-4循環式流化床飛灰來源與特性 10
2-3-5混燒飛灰(CFFA)於水泥質材料中反應機理 11
第三章 試驗計畫 13
3-1試驗材料 13
3-2 試驗變數與配比 21
3-3試驗方法 25
3-3-1 CFFA與PCFA物化特性試驗 25
3-3-2灰漿膠凝性質試驗方法 28
3-3-2砂漿性能試驗方法 29
3-4 試驗儀器與設備 31
第四章 結果與討論 35
4-1 CFFA膠凝性質 35
4-2 CFFA與PCFA砂漿性質探討 40
4-2-1強塑劑用量對於CFFA砂漿影響 40
4-2-2分別添加CFFA與PCFA對於水泥砂漿性能之影響 45
4-2-3混合添加CFFA與PCFA對於水泥砂漿性能之影響 68
第五章 結論與建議 78
5-1結論 78
5-2建議 81
參考文獻 82
致謝 85

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