臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現代橡膠工業已經是一門發展十分成熟的技術，原料通常是區別橡膠工業的主要分水嶺，主要可分為天然橡膠業及合成橡膠業。在天然橡膠之外，基於生產的地區受到限制、產量不足及探討天然橡膠沒有的特性，伴隨著大眾多樣的需求，不同性質的合成橡膠隨之產生。所謂的橡膠工業，一般所認知的主要是以各式橡膠為工業原料，混入各項補強填料(如碳黑、白土)，以及各樣具有多種功能之助劑(如共交聯劑、促進劑、防老劑等)，再結合如纖維、金屬等支撐骨架，透過硫化加工成型以達成客製化且具有多樣功能之橡膠。
合成橡膠業中常見的三元乙丙橡膠(EPDM，Ethlyene Propylene Diene Monomer)，因其在合成橡膠中具有突出的耐候性、耐氧化性、耐極性溶劑及耐高溫性，故此一橡膠經常被應用在較講究安全性的材料上，例如汽車零件之窗條、引擎間密封條、地板及屋頂材等。近年來，美國企業陶氏化學利用茂金屬作為催化劑合成的聚烯烴彈性體(POE，Polyolefin Elastomer)，廣義上的POE是指乙烯-辛烯(Octene)/乙烯-己烯(Hexene)/乙烯-丁烯(Butylene)聚合物，其結構與EPDM非常相似，故也會具有良好的耐候性、耐氧化性、耐極性溶劑及耐高溫性。POE具有相當狹窄的分子量分布、良好加工性能及均勻的短支鏈分布，使其在很多方面的性質都超越了普通的彈性體，甚至可能在日後工業化後取代EPDM作為橡膠工業的大宗原料。本篇研究主要探討EPDM與POE共混後，透過調整配方，硫化加工成形為能夠大幅超越EPDM及POE原先性質的混膠。在配方研究方面，主要針對POE長鏈段不同碳數及牌號的篩選、交聯劑及共交聯劑的種類與搭配、防老劑的選擇與添加量的調整、最後是EPDM與POE膠料的相容性去嘗試。在工序方面，塑譜儀混練的程度、加入膠體與粉體的順序、熱壓成型的溫度及時間調配、模具選擇與毛邊去除也經過多方嘗試。利用調整實驗配方，與未混練前之EPDM比較，在相同拉伸強度下增強了EPDM與POE混膠的耐熱性與耐老化性，再透過多次混練、熱壓驗證，確認該配方之混膠的再現性，製備出具有商業價值之混膠，便於日後應用於汽車工業、密封條產業中。

In modern industry, rubber manufacturing has been a mature technology. The material is a divide between natural rubber industry and synthetic rubber industry. Except for natural rubber, many of different kinds of rubber had been manufactured by a variety of requirements of people, with many disadvantages of natural rubber: the limitation of manufacturing area, not enough amount of product, and the properties which natural rubbers don’t have may be found on synthetic rubbers. As we all know the rubber industry is producing rubbers, it uses rubbers to be material, mixing many kinds of reinforcement(ex: carbon black, white clay)and additives(ex: co-crosslinking agent, crosslinking agent, antioxidants),they can also combined with skeleton like fiber, metal…ect. At last ,by using compression molding to reach customized and multifunction rubbers.

EPDM(ethylene propylene diene monomer),the most common rubber in rubber industry, because of excellent weather resistance, oxidation resistance, polarity solvent resistance, and heat resistance, has been used to be materials which products emphasize safety ,example: window bars in car, sealing strips between engines, floor and roof materials. Recently years, The Dow Chemical Company successfully produce POE(polyolefin elastomers)by using metallocene as a catalyst. Generally, POEs are known as ethylene-octene/ethylene-hexene/ethylene-butene copolymer .the structure of POEs are similar to EPDMs and their properties are similar too. Properties of POEs, in many ways, can surpass many common elastomers because of their short distribution of molecular weight, excellent processability and uniform distribution of short segment. They may be the most common material in rubber industry instead of EPDM. This research is mainly discussed that, after mixing EPDM and POE, by adjusting formula, vulcanizing process, the properties of mixing rubber can be much better than properties of EPDM and POE. In research of the formula, the selection of different amount of carbon and POE model, sorts of crosslinking and co-crosslinking with their arrangement, selection of antioxidants and additive amount, finally, the compatibility between EPDM and POE have been tried.In processing, the mixing degree by brabender, the order to add materials, temperature and time when compression molding, the selection of mold and cleaning rubber edge have been researched many times. By adjusting formula, with the same tensile strength, heat resistance and weather resistance of mixing rubber are much better than pure EPDM. By mixing and compression molding many times, the reproducibility of mixing rubber is confirmed, producing a mixing rubber having commercial values, which can be used in car industries and sealing strips industries. 

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
第二章 簡介與文獻回顧 2
2.1橡膠工業與技術 2
2.1.1橡膠工業的歷史與發展 2
2.1.2形成時期 3
2.1.3發展時期 5
2.1.4繁榮時期 6
2.1.5穩定發展時期 8
2.2合成橡膠與天然橡膠 10
2.2.1天然橡膠 10
2.2.2合成橡膠 13
2.2.3常見合成橡膠種類與應用 15
2.3橡膠工藝與助劑 19
2.3.1硫化工藝 19
2.3.2助劑介紹與應用 24
2.4橡膠交聯原理 26
2.4.1硫磺交聯 26
2.4.2過氧化物交聯 28
2.4.3金屬氧化物硫化體系 30
2.4.4樹脂硫化體系 31
2.4.5其他硫化體系 31
第三章 實驗系統規劃及說明 32
3.1 研究動機 32
3.2 實驗藥品及材料 34
3.3實驗設備及檢驗儀器 42
3.3.1塑譜分析儀 43
3.3.2熱壓成形機 44
3.3.3高溫加熱爐 45
3.3.4萬能拉伸試驗機 46
3.3.5 穿透式電子顯微鏡 47
3.3.6邵氏硬度計 48
3.3.7電子天秤 49
3.3.8四點探針電阻測試儀 50
3.4實驗流程標準化說明 52
3.4.1助劑種類的篩選研究 52
3.4.2橡膠種類的篩選研究 54
3.4.3塑譜儀小量試驗及熱壓機壓出成型 61
3.4.4老化追蹤及樣品測試 62
3.4.5實驗流程 63
第四章 結果與討論 64
4.1混煉橡膠力學性質研究 64
4.1.1 EPDM 64
4.1.2 POE牌號7387 66
4.1.3 POE牌號8180 69
4.1.4 EPDM+POE8180 71
4.1.5 EPDM+POE7387 74
4.1.6 EPDM+POE7387+碳黑 78
4.2混煉後橡膠硬度研究 79
4.3混煉後橡膠導電度研究 80
4.4塑譜儀混煉程度分析 81
4.5 穿透式電子顯微鏡之交聯程度研究 82
第五章 結論 92
參考文獻 94

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