臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為兩分岔血管位於股動脈管的流場模擬，過程中是利用Comsol Multiphysis套裝軟體作數值分析，在文中建立了兩分岔血管於動脈的同側以及兩分岔血管之間不同間距的模型，並探討穩態流場與週期態脈動流場的現象。著重點在於三維分岔血管的質傳現象與流場分析，觀察其速度向量、流線、剪應力、與濃度分佈。
在兩分岔血管間距最小時，在第二根分岔血管的右側管壁會產生最大的剪應力值，隨著間距的增加，第二根分岔血管右側剪應力值漸漸降低，最後與第一根分岔血管右側剪應力值相同，代表已形成兩個獨立的分岔流場。
質傳方面，迴流區域的產生是影響氧濃度的最大關鍵，在第一根與第二根分岔血管中的迴流區造成低氧濃度區的產生。在週期態流場中，當心臟收縮週期流量為負值，動脈內產生的逆流，也造成低濃度區域的產生。
在週期態流場上，由於心臟的舒張而產生在入口處流量為負，因此在動脈中產生逆流，使得週期態流場與穩態流場比起來相對複雜的多。基於數值模擬的方式，本研究可有效的利用數值模擬來處理複雜的流場與質傳現象。

The simulation of blood flows in two branches of femoral artery by the Comsol Multiphysis has been presented in this study. Flow field phenomenon of two branches that are on the same side of the blood artery are simulated and discussed under steady and pulsatile states. The mass transfer and flow field phenomena which include the distribution of concentration, velocity vector, the oxygen concentration, shear stress and streamline of the three dimensional branches blood vessel are presented.
When the space between two branches blood vessels is the smallest one, has the highest shear stress in the right end side of the second branch, As the spacing between branched increase, the shear stress gradually reduces in the right-hand side of the second branch blood vessel. Eventually, the shear stress on the second branch is the same as the first branch, two independent branches blood flow fields.
For mass transfer distribution, reversed flow region is the important factor on the oxygen concentration. In the first and second branch blood vessels show reversed flow region where low oxygen concentration area exist. In the pulsatile condition flow field, when the contraction cycle of heart current was negative value the artery produces adverse current also creates low oxygen concentration region.
In pulsatile condition, the distribution of velocity field under the diastole period is negative value in the entrance current therefore produces adverse current in the artery, the recirculation flow field is more complex than the stable state flow field.
Based on the numerical stimulation, we can effectively simulate the whole complicated flow field and mass transfer in the three-dimensional artery with branches.

目 錄
頁次
摘要......................................................I
ABSTRACT..............................................II
致謝....................................................III
目錄.....................................................IV
圖目錄...................................................VI
符號說明..................................................X
第一章 緒論
1-1 研究動機..........................................01
1-2 研究方法和目的....................................02
1-3 文獻回顧..........................................03
第二章 理論分析
2-1 有限元素法........................................05
2-2 Comsol Multiphysics..............................06
第三章 模型建立與邊界條件給定
3-1 基本假設...................................09
3-2 模型建立與網格產生.............................10
3-3 人體股動脈之週期流量圖............................11
3-4 邊界條件給定......................................13
第四章 結果分析與討論
4-1 血液中穩態流場的血流情形..........................17
4-1-1 分岔血管之穩態流場分析......................17
4-1-2 三維分岔血管之剪力分析.......................19
4-1-3 三維分岔血管之質傳分析......................20
4-2 血液中週期態流場的血流情形........................22
4-2-1 血管中週期態流場之流場分析...................22
4-2-2 血管中週期態流場的剪力值分析.................24
4-2-3 血管中週期態流場的質傳分析...................25
第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論.............................................28
5-2 建議.............................................30
參考文獻.................................................31
圖目錄
圖3-1 人體股動脈週期流量圖...............................34
圖3-2濃度分佈圖.................................34
圖4-1 XZ 平面上 之流速u 分佈圖.......................35
圖4-2 XZ 平面上 之流速u 分佈圖.......................35
圖4-3 XZ 平面上 之流速u 分佈圖.......................36
圖4-4 XZ 平面上 之流速u 分佈圖.......................36
圖4-5 XZ 平面上 之流速u 分佈圖.......................37
圖4-6 XZ 平面速度場分佈圖..........................37
圖4-7 XZ 平面速度場分佈圖...........................38
圖4-8 之向量分佈圖.................................38
圖4-9 之向量分佈圖.................................39
圖4-10 之向量分佈圖...............................39
圖4-11 之向量分佈圖................................40
圖4-12 之向量分佈圖................................40
圖4-13 各斷面剪應力分佈示意圖............................41
圖4-14 1-4D 斷面(6)剪應力圖............................42
圖4-15 1-4D 斷面(5)剪應力圖.............................43
圖4-16 1-4D 第一根分岔管左側剪應力圖....................44
圖4-17 1-4D 第一根分岔管右側剪應力圖....................45
圖4-18 1-4D 第二根分岔管左側剪應力圖....................46
圖4-19 1-4D 第二根分岔管右側剪應力圖....................47
圖4-20 間距s=1D XZ 平面濃度圖............................48
圖4-21 間距s=2D XZ 平面濃度圖............................48
圖4-22 間距s=3D XZ 平面濃度圖............................49
圖4-23 間距s=4D XZ 平面濃度圖............................49
圖4-24 間距s=5D XZ 平面濃度圖.............................50
圖4-25 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.07......................50
圖4-26 間距s=1D 流線圖 t/T=0.07.........................51
圖4-27 間距s=1D 速度向量圖 t / T �� 0.07 .......................51
圖4-28 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.15.......................52
圖4-29 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.15.......................52
圖4-30 間距s=1D 流線圖 t/T=0.15..........................53
圖4-31 間距s=1D 流線圖t/T=0.22..........................53
圖4-32 間距s=1D 流線圖t/T=0.22...........................54
圖4-33 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.27.......................54
圖4-34 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.27.......................55
圖4-35 間距s=1D 流線圖t/T=0.27...........................55
圖4-36 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.33......................56
圖4-37 間距s=1D 流線圖t/T=0.33..........................56
圖4-38 間距s=1D 速度向量圖t/T=0.33......................57
圖4-39 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.07......................57
圖4-40 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.15......................58
圖4-41 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.22......................58
圖4-42 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.27......................59
圖4-43 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.33......................59
圖4-44 間距s=2D 速度向量圖t/T=0.33......................60
圖4-45 間距s=2D 流線圖t/T=0.07..........................60
圖4-46 間距s=2D 流線圖t/T=0.15..........................61
圖4-47 間距s=2D 流線圖t/T=0.22..........................61
圖4-48 間距s=2D 流線圖t/T=0.27..........................62
圖4-49 間距s=2D 流線圖t/T=0.33..........................62
圖4-50 間距s=1D 第一根分岔管左側各時間剪力圖.............63
圖4-51 間距s=1D 第一根分岔管右側各時間剪力圖............64
圖4-52 間距s=1D 第二根分岔管左側各時間剪力圖............65
圖4-53 間距s=1D 第二根分岔管右側各時間剪力圖............66
圖4-54 間距s=2D 第一根分岔管左側各時間剪力圖............67
圖4-55 間距s=2D 第一根分岔管右側各時間剪力圖............68
圖4-56 間距s=2D 第二根分岔管左側各時間剪力圖............69
圖4-57 間距s=2D 第二根分岔管右側各時間剪力圖.. ..........70
圖4-57 間距s=1D 斷面(5)各時間剪力圖.....................71
圖4-58 間距s=1D 斷面(6)各時間剪力圖.....................72
圖4-59 間距s=2D 斷面(5)各時間剪力圖.....................73
圖4-60 間距s=2D 斷面(6)各時間剪力圖.....................74
圖4-61 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.........................75
圖4-62 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.07......................75
圖4-63 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.15......................76
圖4-64 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.22......................76
圖4-65 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.27......................77
圖4-66 間距s=1D 濃度分佈圖t/T=0.33......................77
圖4-67 間距s=1D 濃度分佈與向量圖t/T=0.33................78

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