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研究生:鍾秋慧
研究生(外文):Chung, Chiu-Hui
論文名稱:國家安全的文化面--台灣安全主體性之建構
論文名稱(外文):The Culture of National Security: Construction of the Subjectivity of Taiwan Security
指導教授:莊錦農莊錦農引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:政治學研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:政治學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:128
中文關鍵詞:台灣安全民族主義第三世界國家認同我群/他者建構主體性
外文關鍵詞:Taiwan SecurityNationalismThe Third World Nationsidentityself/ otherconstructionsubjectivity
相關次數:
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
本研究的動機出自於對當前台灣社會安全的關懷,目的在指出:當一國社會面臨嚴重分歧,且「國家」與「社會」(即統治階級與一般大眾)對整體安全的認知上有差距的時候,將使人民產生極大的危機與不安全感,進而導致整個國家社會的崩解;特別是在國家/社會對自己的定位不清、敵我關係不明的情況下,這種情形更容易發生。因此,在立論上,本文將台灣視同為「第三世界」國家,著重在其欲脫離中國文化霸權、卻尚未建立自己文化專屬性的特點。
冷戰期間的國際關係理論主流─現實主義─最常引人詬病的地方即在於其以國家為中心(state-centric)、且堅持必須區分國內體系─社會─與國際體系的立論方式,僅著重於探討國家如何在「相互為戰」的國際原始林中謀得生存空間。如此將所有焦點皆集中在國家主權的政治策略,予以一國政府得以合理忽視社會需求的說辭;此種情形在社會差異性高且各族群意識嚴重紛歧的國家中尤為明顯。
前美國總統柯林頓曾言:「冷戰的結束釋放了諸多被壓抑許久的怨憎,而今全球皆充斥著這樣的血腥衝突」。族群衝突的根本原因其實仍纏繞在「認同」情節的糾葛上,起源自處於相對弱勢的族群對其國內或國際「環境」違反他們自主意願並強迫他們與其「同化」之專斷行為的抗拒。
全球對抗的氣氛稍減之後,明顯可見研究國關理論的學者多將焦點轉移至討論人類社會進步的動能與其障礙。對「認同」的重視,就是在研擬如何使「劣勢」社會能與「強勢」社會共處於一個環境而不會有隨時可能遭到侵害的感覺;亦即,如何使「劣勢」社會在保有其基本「認同」之安全感時、還能接受此「共同體」(或為國家、或為國際組織)為其代表。冷戰結束後,國家安全的定義不再是「政權」安全,而是「國內社會」的安全。
因此,本研究掙脫學者以結構現實主義之「國際體系決定一切」加諸台灣的枷鎖,並藉此指出,台灣不應當甘願做別人戰略規劃中的傀儡,卻必須看清世界潮流的走向,從本身的「文化」與「認同」出發,研擬自己真正的安全與利益所在,繼之衍申出捍衛家園、不容他者進犯的決心,如此台灣的安全才有保障。
於此前提下,本研究產生三個問題意識:
1.冷戰結束後,國際環境演變的方向。
2.ROC在七0年代喪失「國際正當性」之後,台灣社會發展的脈絡。
3.辨明「國家」維護台灣安全的文化責任。
本研究用文化觀點來「詮釋」台灣當前的安全困境與企機。「文化」一詞,指涉「某個群體在特定時空背景下所共同擁有的價值觀、認知標準、和行動準則,並根據此信念處世同時運斡人我關係」。從此觀點出發,台灣必須是個有思考能力的行動主體。從「文化建構」的角度看待台灣歷史上特定事件的成因與特定制度所代表的意義,目的在證明「文化」動員社會群眾的能力。循此脈絡,台灣若要獲得適當的生存發展,勢必要「建構」一套適當的文化制度,順應國際趨勢並與其相接;對「人權」的重視當為首要目標,「認同」情感的確立則為基礎要件。適當的、並且能保護台灣安全的「國家框架」,必須具有能完整包容/代表台灣,卻又不至於阻斷其內部社會與國際交通的「可透性」,如此台灣特有的文化才可以傳遞至世界,使台灣的主體性與行動力更加彰顯;而世界各地的文化也能夠進入台灣,豐厚其生命力。
摘 要3
第一章 序論5
第一節 研究動機與目的5
第二節文獻回顧與分析7
一、冷戰期間國際關係理論的辯論7
二、冷戰後國際關係理論的轉變9
三、本地學者對於台灣安全的研究11
第三節 建構台灣安全主體性之研究途徑13
第四節 分析架構16
第五節 章節安排18
第二章 國家安全理論─分析與批判19
第一節 解構「國家」19
一、「國家」的歷史意義19
二、「國家」的本質與其構成要素:正當性、行動力、民族主義23
三、文化在國家具象化過程中的角色:霸權26
第二節 國家安全政策與權力表現27
一、結果取向:定義「國家安全」28
二、過程取向:認知架構分析29
三、源頭取向:文化差異與國家安全31
四、工具取向:安全作為國家控制社會的藉口34
第三節 後殖民國家的安全困境37
一、混血的民族文化37
二、「國家」對安全的承諾38
三、國際結構的限制?41
第三章 ROCOT作為一個「國家」與台灣安全43
第一節 權力正當性的塑造44
一、群體記憶的塑造─特殊歷史事件的意義45
二、被曲解的台灣文化48
三、意識形態的動力:國語運動52
第二節 國家行動力的證明54
一、USA VS. ROC:中華民國的衰亡與台灣崛起55
二、ROC VS. PRC:中國優先、台灣次之60
三、何謂台灣經驗?63
第三節 台灣當前的安全困境66
一、民主化的ROC66
二、媒體的主流價值69
三、政黨71
第四章 建構台灣安全的主體性75
第一節 民族主義與安全認知75
一、民族主義、國家認同與國家安全76
二、中國民族主義與中國安全77
三、台灣民族主義與台灣安全80
第二節 確保台灣安全的主體性82
一、我群與他者之分83
二、拒斥政治買辦86
三、強化嚇阻意願88
第三節 台灣安全的文化條件91
一、「正當性」的問題91
二、台灣與世界潮流94
三、締結台灣集體文化認同98
第五章 結論102
一、ROC無法給予台灣安全保障102
二、台灣「我群」認同「正名」之必要性104
三、珍視台灣文化資產106
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