臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

武術八極拳震腳發勁動作之生物力學分析

摘 要
目的：分析不同學習程度之八極拳震腳發勁下肢段動作之運動學、動力學與肌電圖參數特徵，以做為訓練改進的依據。研究對象：精熟者與生手者各一名（精熟者年齡：35歲，身高：165公分，體重：65公斤，拳齡：24年；生手者年齡：21歲，身高：175公分，體重：65公斤，拳齡：3年）。方法與步驟：以二部Mega speed 25k 高速攝影機（100Hz）、二台AMTI測力板（1000Hz）與Biovision肌電儀（1000Hz）以同步方法擷取八極拳震腳發勁動作。影片以Kwon3D動作分析軟體處理，原始資料經人體肢段參數建製、直接線性轉換及濾波後，取得重心三維軌跡變化、重心合速度、及髖、膝、踝關節角位移等運動學參數。測力板原始訊號透過DASYLab 6.0分析軟體，經濾波、模組校正得到原始地面反作用力，並以體重倍率（B.W）作為標準化。肌電訊號由DASYLab 6.0軟體分析臀大肌、股直肌、股二頭肌、脛骨前肌、腓腸肌等肌群之原始肌電訊號後，進行10-500Hz的band-pass濾波處理，經全波整流上翻、10 Hz低通率波平滑化處理，再經積分運算後，可得積分肌電值（IEMG），並以最大肌電值為基準值（100％），進行積分肌電訊號之標準化處理。統計資料以SPSS 10.0中文版軟體進行敘述統計分析。結果：一、重心三維軌跡於準備期、著地期、發勁期分別呈現波谷、波谷、波峰的型態。二、準備期支撐足膝關節角度呈現平穩變化不大的曲線，著地期推蹬足髖、膝、踝關節角度呈現微幅上昇後大量下降的曲線，發勁期推蹬足髖、膝、踝關節角度位移呈現大量上量昇的曲線。三、著地期推蹬足及發勁期支撐足垂直地面反作用力變化分呈現著地瞬間急遽增加經歷峰值後急遽減少之變化情形。四、準備期中支撐足各肌群肌電振幅明顯大於推蹬足、著地及發勁期推蹬足各肌群肌電振幅明顯大於支撐足。結論：八極拳震腳發勁下肢段各關節的屈伸於挪移過程中需配合重心的左右、上下及前後的移動及各肌群的徵召活化以求勁道的整體性並增加其勁力表現。於準備期應將重心平穩的移至支撐足並儲存彈性能，應在腳步挪移的過程中降低支撐足的膝關節的起伏角度，有利於身體重心的平穩及儲存彈性能；於著地期應迅速的將重心下落並轉移至推蹬足，以增垂直地面反作用表現並加以儲存；於發勁期重心應迅速的往前移動及強化支撐足及推蹬足推蹬能力，以產生較大的身體動能。生手者較易犯的缺點為：一、重心在支撐足及推蹬足無法做適當的移轉而影響身體的平穩和勁道的蓄積能力。二、下肢肌群推蹬力不足影響勁道的表現。平常應著重於訓練其重心轉移、下沉的技巧及下肢肌群的推蹬力來增加勁力表現。



關鍵詞：雙重、沉墜、爆發

Biomechanical Analysis of Ba-Ji-Quan pugilists during pounding and moving by pelvic limb



ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to obtain varies of distinctive parameters based on Kinematics, Kinetics, and Electromyogram between difference levels of Ba-Ji-Quan pugilists during pounding and moving by pelvic limb, so as to be a rule of improving the skill on training.Additionally, we choice two pugilists to be a comparison as research; one is called proficient pugilist with 35 years old, 165cm in high, 65kg in weight, and 24 years experience, and the other is called beginning pugilist with 21 years old, 175 in high, 65kg in wight, and 3 years experience. Method and step: With two high-speed camera (Mega speed 25k, 100Hz), two strength measuring board(AMTI,1000Hz) and one electromyography (Biovision) is used to synchronously record the steps of movement when Ba-Ji-Quan pugilist is pounding. The recorded films is processed by using Kwon3D which is a software for analyzing specific movement with steps of creating limb parameters, linear transforming and then filtering input signal to result kinematics parameters including 3D track of gravity, velocity of gravity movement, and the angular displacements of each joint of coax, knee, and ankle. The signals from the strength measuring boards are processed by using DASY Lab 6.0 which is an analyzing tool with steps of filtering and assembl calibrating input singal to result a reactive force signal from ground, and then processing standardization according to the weight of a pugilist. Each measured electromyo-signal of musculus glutaeusmaximus, musculus rectusfemoris, musculus Biceps femoris long head, musculus tibialisanterior, musculus gastrocnemius is input to DASYLab 6.0 and then processed by following steps of 10-500Hz band-pass filtering, half-wave rectifying, wave smoothing with 10Hz low pass filter, and integral operating, so as to result an integral value of electromyography (IEMG), respectively . Finally, it can be forced into standardization steps based on the maximum value between those IEMGs. The output signals of DASYLab 6.0 software are recorded and then statistics analyzed by SPSS 10.0.Result: First, the 3D track of gravity can be measured and displayed as wave valley, wave valley, and wave crest when pugilist is acting during preparation, grounding, and pounding, respectively. Second, when pugilist is acting during preparation, a measured curve corresponded to the change of knee joint of supporting foot is smoothly varied. When pugilist is acting during grounding, a measured curve corresponded to the angle between coxa joint and knee joint on step-into foot smoothly rises in the beginning, and then declines rapidly. When pugilist is acting during pounding, a measured curve corresponded to the angle between coax joint, knee joint, and ankle joint of step-into foot rises rapidly. Third, when pugilist is acting during grounding, a first reactive force wave verticaled to the ground and forced on step-into foot rapidly rises to the peak at the moment of grounding and then decreased rapidly. Similarly, when pugilist is acting during pounding, a second reactive force wave forced on supporting foot also has the same response with the first reactive force wave. Fourth, when pugilist is acting during preparing, each myoelectric amplitude form the articular muscle of supporting foot’s is higher than step-into foot’s obviously. When pugilist is acting either during grounding or pounding, each myoelectric amplitude form the articular muscle of step-into foot’s is than higher than supporting foot’s obviously. Conclusion:When a Ba-Ji-Quan pugilist is pounding, each joint movement of pelvic limb should act in concert with the movement (including forwarding to left or right, up or down, and front or back) of body gravity and activation of each articular muscle, so as to let the body keep in harmony with entire pounding movement and increase the strength of the pounding. Otherwise, when the pugilist is acting during preparation, the body gravity should be moved stably to supporting foot for storing elastic energy; in addition, when the supporting foot is moving according to the body gravity, the tremble of knee joint should be low down to minimum to help the body keeping stable and storing elastic energy. When the pugilist is acting during grounding, the body gravity should be rapidly lowed down and transferred to step-into foot for increasing reactive force to be stored from the ground to the body. When the pugilist is acting during pounding, the body gravity should be rapidly forwarded and both of supporting foot and step-into foot should powerfully forward a step accordingly, so as to result more kinetic energy.
Generally, a beginning pugilist makes the mistakes easier than a proficient pugilist as following: First of all, body gravity can not be adapted to the movement between supporting foot and step-into foot, so as to affect body stability and the strength of stored elastic energy; Second, the strength of each articular muscle of pelvic limb is not afford to act in concert with pounding. Consequently, a beginning pugilist should focus on improving the movement of body gravity, the skill of lowing down the body, and the powerful of each articular muscle of pelvic limb during training, so as to increase the strength of pounding.


Keyword： two low-limb gravity ,limb sinking, strength exploading.

目 次
謝誌 I
中文摘要 Ⅱ
英文摘要 Ⅳ
目次 Ⅵ
表次 Ⅷ
圖次 Ⅹ
第壹章緒論 1
一、問題背景 1
二、研究目的 4
三、研究範圍與限制 6
四、名詞操作型定義 6
第貳章 文獻探討 8
一、中國武術發勁研究 8
二、著地相關研究 11
三、文獻總結 19
第參章 研究方法與步驟 20
一、研究架構 20
二、研究對象 22
三、實驗時間與地點 22
四、實驗儀器與設備 25
五、實驗方法與步驟 23
六、資料收集與處理 33
第肆章 結果 38
一、不同學習程度之八極拳震腳發勁動作運動學參數比較 38
二、不同學習程度之八極拳震腳發勁動作動力學參數比較 50
三、不同學習程度之八極拳震腳發勁動作肌電圖比較 53
第伍章 討論 61
一、八極拳震腳發勁動作運動學參數分析 61
二、八極拳震腳發勁動作動力學參數分析 65
三、八極極震腳發勁動作肌電圖參數分析 68
第陸章 結論 71
參考文獻 72
一、中文部分 72
二、外文部分 74

參考文獻
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