臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前國內濫用藥物檢驗主要是以尿液檢驗為主，而毛髮檢驗可獲得長
期濫用藥物訊息逐漸受到重視，以頭髮進行藥毒物檢測分析，最具有爭議
性的就是外部污染的可能性。
本研究探討的去污策略利用二氯甲烷及甲醇進行六次清洗評估頭髮
去污效率，結果顯示第五、六次的清洗液當中已無分析物或低於偵測極限，
可把大部份污染去除，但頭髮仍無法百分之百去除污染。頭髮經去污步驟後
利用電子顯微鏡觀察頭髮表面型態及甲基藍染色觀察孔隙率不會有明顯改
變。
以模擬含有甲基安非他命及愷它命之香煙燃燒所產生的二手煙進行頭
髮的外部污染後，本研究利用毒品代謝產物與主產物比率判斷進行區別主
動吸食及外部污染，結果發現污染後頭髮部份仍檢測出AP者，無法利用
AP/MA比值進行區別，而未檢測出AP者可判斷為外部污染;而經愷他命污
染後的頭髮NK皆低於定量極限，可判斷為外部污染。另外藉由清洗液(W)
與頭髮藥物(H)比值來判斷，結果發現污染後未經過洗髮精的頭髮，W/H
比值可以判斷為外部污染，但頭髮經過洗髮精清洗，其清洗液所含的藥物
變少甚至檢測不出來容易造成誤判。
本研究認為頭髮毒品檢測必頇考量頭髮受到外部污染的可能，確實進
行頭髮去污動作，訂定適當的濫用藥物閾值並同時分析毒品的代謝產物以
提升頭髮證物的證據價值。

Although urine test has been extensively used to detect the abuse of drug, hair
testing has been taken seriously due to the fact that it can provide a long-term drug
abuse history. However, one of the most controversial issues regarding the validity of
the hair testing is the possibility of external contamination of the hair specimen.
This study evaluated the efficiency of decontamination procedure which used
dichloromethane and methanol six times to clean the hair. The wash residue for fifth
and sixth showed either no analyte or are below the detection limit, but the hair
sample can still not be decontaminated 100%. After the wash, the surface and the
porosity of the hair were observed by using the SEM and methylene blue staining
respectively, which indicated not much of changed after the decontamination
procedures.
Through the simulation of external contamination by producing the second-hand
smoke with burning the methamphetamine and ketamine contained cigarettes, the hair
sample then was processed to decontamination procedures for the further use of
differentiating drug use contamination or environmental contamination. This study
used metabolite-to-parent drug ratios to distinguish the contamination methods, the
results indicated that if the sample hair can still detect AP, then we cannot use the AP
/ MA ratio to distinguish drug use or external contamination. Oppositely, if the hair
sample cannot detect of AP, then the AP/MA ration can be used to differentiate.
However, the results showed that within all the hair samples, the amount of NK was
all below detection limit which means that it was all external contamination. In
addition, the results from the analysis of the ratio of wash residue (W) and the drug
levels detected in hair (H) demonstrated that the hair sample was contaminated
externally when hair has not treated with shampoo. On the other hand, if the hair
sample was treated with shampoo, and then would results in a misinterpretation.
This study suggests that in order for the value of hair sample evidence to be
improved, drug testing of hair sample must consider the possibility of external
contamination. Therefore, the implementation of the hair decontamination procedure,
the establishment of the appropriate cutoff level and the analysis of the metabolites of
drug were essential for the drug testing of hair sample.

中文摘要 .................................................................................................................................... I
英文摘要 ................................................................................................................................. III
圖次 ......................................................................................................................................... VI
表次 ....................................................................................................................................... VIII
第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 研究目的 ...................................................................................................................... 5
第二章 文獻探討 ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 藥物存在於頭髮機制探討 ............................................................................................. 7
2.2 頭髮去污溶劑 ............................................................................................................... 11
2.3 區別主動吸食與被動污染 ........................................................................................... 13
2.4 其它頭髮檢測探討 ....................................................................................................... 16
第三章 研究方法 ........................................................................................................... 19
3.1 液相-液相萃取 .............................................................................................................. 19
3.2 化學衍生法 .................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 氣相層析質譜法 ........................................................................................................... 23
第四章 實驗器材設備及步驟 ....................................................................................... 26
4.1 藥品與材料 ................................................................................................................... 26
4.2 儀器設備及其分析方法 ............................................................................................... 26
4.3 頭髮之萃取及衍生法 ..................................................................................................... 29
4.4 儀器檢量線與方法檢量線的建立 ............................................................................... 29
5.5 液相-液相萃取回收率之評估 ................................................................................... 31
4.6 穩定度測試 ................................................................................................................... 31
4.5 頭髮藥物總量確認實驗 ............................................................................................... 32
4.6 去污步驟評估 ............................................................................................................... 33
4.7 二手煙污染頭髮實驗 ................................................................................................... 34
4.8 菸草混合毒品燃燒實驗 ............................................................................................... 35
第五章 結果與討論 ....................................................................................................... 37
5.1 去污步驟對頭髮鱗片型態影響 ................................................................................... 37
5.2 頭髮孔隙率(porosity)探討 ........................................................................................... 37
5.3 偵測極限、定量極限與線性範圍 ............................................................................... 38
5.4 液相-液相萃取回收率之評估 ...................................................................................... 40
5.5 穩定度測試 ................................................................................................................... 40
5.6 頭髮藥物總量確認實驗 ............................................................................................... 41
5.7 去污步驟評估 ............................................................................................................... 42
5.8 二手煙污染頭髮實驗 ................................................................................................... 43
5.9 菸草混合毒品燃燒實驗 ............................................................................................... 45
5.10 區別主動吸食及被動污染 ......................................................................................... 45
第六章 結論 ................................................................................................................... 48
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................................. 90

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