臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來我國衛生福利部指出，成年人過重及肥胖盛行率為38%，根據國民營養健康狀況變遷調查，我國成人過重及肥胖盛行率由1993-1996 年的33％上升至2005-2008 年的44％。因為「肥胖」的刻板印象，再加上肥胖對健康造成的危害，大部分人仍然較欣賞身材姣好的人。生活形態除了是造成肥胖的原因之一，也是影響體重控制及維持的因素之一。
因此本研究開發減肥APP，為了評估使用減肥策略和減肥動機的結合及透過此APP在減肥成效之間的關係。另外我們使用減肥動機的量表來評估減肥的成效，使用恐懼負面評價量表來評估肥胖與對他人負面評價感受之間的關係。結果顯示，本研究開發以減肥策略為基礎的減肥APP來監控以及使用量表來評估減肥成效，可以激勵參與者的減肥動機以及帶來顯著的減肥成效，因此，透過行動裝置與減肥策略結合，可以獲得比傳統方式更好的減肥成效。此外本研究也進一步指出減肥成效與減肥動機、負向評價恐懼以及系統易用性之間具有正向影響關係。

In recent years, results of the survey, adults the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 0.38 was proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (1998). According to National Nutrition and Health Status Change Survey, the adult prevalence of overweight and obesity 0.33 (1993 -1996) increased to 0.44 (2005-2008). Most people still appreciate on the body of the thin ideal, because the stereotype of obesity and a risk to health. Form of life is the one reason of overweight, and is the one factor of affect weight to control and to keep.
Therefore, we design Loss-Weight APP collect data that gained consistent information, in order to investigate the relationship between lose-weight achievements and combination of lose-weight motivation and lose-weight strategy. In addition, to evaluate weight loss efficacy, we used lose weight motivation scale. And we used Brief Fear of negative evaluation scale to evaluate the relation between obesity and negative of others evaluation. The results show that: (1) developed weight-loss APP, (2) using questionnaire to support weight-loss achievement, (3) APP control brings significant results, and (4) the weight-loss strategies could encourage their weight-loss motivation. Moreover, the results of this study that incorporating mobile and weight loss strategy could achieve a better weight loss efficacy. They further revealed a positive relationship between weight loss achievement and three sub scales with weight loss motivation, fear of negative evaluation, and system usability.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Content iii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 research background 1
1.2 Research motivation and object 3
1.3 Organization of thesis 4
2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Lose-weight strategy 5
2.2 Mobile technology 7
2.3 Relative Questionnaire theory 8
2.3.1 Weight Loss Motivation Questionnaire 8
2.3.2 Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale 9
2.3.3 System Usability Scale 10
3. Methodology 11
3.1 Research concept 11
3.1.1 Operational definition 12
3.1.2 Hypothesis 14
3.2 Participants and Questionnaire 16
3.2.1 Participants 16
3.2.2 Questionnaire Design 17
3.3 APP development 22
3.4 Experiment procedure 24
3.4.1 Pre-test 25
3.4.2 Lose weight strategy 25
3.4.3 Post-test 25
4. Data Analysis and Results 26
4.1 Collected Data and description statistics 27
4.2 Results of Hypothesis 29
4.3 Findings 32
4.3.1 Demographic variables 32
4.3.2 Weight loss motivation and BFNE and SUS 33
4.3.3 Effect of intervention 33
5. Conclusion 36
Reference 37
Addendix A Questionnaire 42

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), pp. 191-215.

Bohlin, R. M. (1987). Motivation in instructional design: comparison of an American and a Soviet model. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(2), pp. 11-14.

Borsci, S., Federici, S., & Lauriola, M. (2009). On the dimensionality of the System Usability Scale: a test of alternative measurement models. Cognitive processing, 10(3), pp. 193-197.

Brooke, J. (1996). SUS: A 'quick and dirty" usability scale. In P. W. Jordan, B. Thomas, B. A. Weerdmeester, & I. L. McClelland (Eds.), Usability evaluation in industry (pp. 189-194). London: Taylor & Francis.

Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNicol, K., & Doubleday, E. (2006). Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), pp. 817-833.

Demarest, J; Langer, E;. (1996). Perception of body shape be underweight, average and overweight men and women. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83(2), pp. 569-570.

Field, A. E., Haines, J., Rosner, B., & Willett, W. C. (2010). Weight-control behaviors and subsequent weight change among adolescents and young adult females. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(1), pp. 147-153.

Gray, D. S. (1989). Diagnosis and prevalence of obesity. Medical Clinics of North America, 73(1), pp. 1-13.

Greist, J. H. (1995). The diagnosis of social phobia. The Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry, 56, pp. 5-12.

Hegsted, D. M. (1986). Serum-cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: Are evaluation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44, pp. 299-305.

Herbert, T. T. (1976). Dimemsions of organizational behavior. New York: Collier Macmillan.

Hollis, J. F., Gullion, C. M., Stevens, V. J., Brantley, P. J., Appel, L. J., Ard, J. D., . . . Svetkey, L. P. (2008, 8). Weight Loss During the Intensive Intervention Phase of the Weight-Loss Maintenance Trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(2), pp. 118-126. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.013.

Jacobson, T E; Xu, L;. (2002). Motivation student in credit-based information literacy courses: Theories and practice. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 2(3), p. 423.441.

Kakinami, L., Gauvin, L., Barnett, T. A., & Paradis, G. (2014, 6). Trying to lose weight: the association of income and age to weight-loss strategies in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(6), pp. 585-592. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.022.

Keller, J. M. (1983). Motivational design of instruction. (C. M. Reigeluth, Ed.) New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Keller, J. M., & Suzuki, K. (2004). Learner motivation and E-learning design: A multinationally validated process. Journal of Educational Media, 29(3), pp. 229-239.

Khalid-Khan, S., Santibanez, M., McMicken, C., & Rynn, M. A. (2007). Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pediatric Drugs, 9, pp. 227-237.

Klem, M. L., Wing, R. R., McGuire, M. T., Seagle, H. M., & Hill, J. O. (1997). A descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of substantial weight loss. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, pp. 239-246.

Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing management: Analysis, planning, implementation, and control. New Jersey: Prentice - Hall.

Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), pp. 371-375. doi:10.1177/0146167283093007

Lederer, A. L., & Prasad, J. (1992). Nine management guidelines for better cost estimating. Communications of the ACM, 35(2), pp. 51-59.

Lewis, J. R., & Sauro, J. (2009). The factor structure of the system usability scale. International conference. San Diego CA, USA.

Marshall, J D; Hazlett, C B; Spady, D W; Quinney, H A. (1990). Comparison of convenient indicators of obesity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(1), pp. 22-28.

Meltzer, D O; Jena, A B;. (2010). The economics of intense exercise. Journal of Health Economics, 29(3), pp. 347-352.

Miller, R. S. (1995). On the nature of embarrassability: Shyness, social evaluation, and social skill. Journal of Personality, 63, pp. 315-339. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00812.x

Mintz, L B; Bentz, N E;. (1986). Sex differences in the nature, realism, and correlates of body image. Sex Roles, 15(3), pp. 185-195.

Nicklas, J. M., Huskey, K. W., Davis, R. B., & Wee, C. C. (2012). Successful weight loss among obese U.S. adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(5), pp. 481-485.

Prensky, M. (2003). Digital game-based learning. ACM Computers in Entertainment, 1(1), pp. 1–4.

Ross, C. E., & Huber, J. (1985). Hardship and Depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26(4), pp. 312-327.

Shaikh, A. A., & Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Making the most of information technology & systems usage: A literature review, framework and future research agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, pp. 541-566. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.059.

Showers, C J; Larson, B E;. (1999). Looking at body image: the organization of self-knowledge about physical appearance and its relation to disordered eating. Journal of Personality, 67(4), pp. 659-700.

Walker, S. C., Ericsson, M., Linder, J., Nilsson, T., Goodrick, G. K., & Foreyt, J. P. (1999). Self-esteem enhancement with children and Adolescents. Needham Heights, MA, Poston: Allyn & Bacon.

Watson, D; Friend, R;. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal f Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), pp. 448-457. doi:10.1037/h0027806

Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17(2), pp. 179-190.

Weiss, E. C., Galuska, D. A., Khan, L. K., & Serdula, M. K. (2001). Weight-control practices among U.S. adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(1), pp. 18-24.

Ministry of Health and Welfare (R.O.C). (1998). National Nutrition Status: The result of 1993-1996 National Nutrition and Health Status Survey. Retrieved from http://www.mohw.gov.tw/MOHW_Upload/doc/%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B61%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5_0043610002.pdf

WHO expert consultation. (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. The Lancet, 363(9403), pp. 157-163. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30006475

wikipedia. (n.d.). System usability scale. Retrieved from wikipedia the free encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_usability_scale

World Health Organisation, International Association for the Study of Obesity, & International Obesity TaskForce. (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Health Communications, Australia: Melbourne. Retrieved from http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf

World Health Organization (WHO). (1995). Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee., WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from World Health Organization.