臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太極拳運動對骨質密度影響之研究

摘　要
骨質疏鬆症是造成老年人骨折的重要原因之一。台灣從民國八十二年起已進入高齡化社會，骨質疏鬆症的預防與治療，是不可忽略的。本研究以24名平均年齡50.61歲為實驗組；20名平均年齡50.16歲為對照組，探討實施30週鄭子太極拳訓練對骨質密度之影響。本研究顯示實驗組在15週訓練後，在腰椎、股骨骨密度皆有增加；但未達顯著水準。在經過30週的太極拳訓練後，腰椎骨密度增加率為2.17%；股骨骨密度增加率為3.14%，且股骨骨密度增加量優於腰椎骨；其增加量皆達顯著水準（p<.05）。然而對照組之腰椎骨密度流失率為5.0%；股骨骨密度流失率為5.64%；腰椎骨密度流失較股骨頸多，其骨質密度流失皆達顯著水準（p<.05）。結果證實太極拳運動確實可增加及預防老化所引起骨質流失。由於骨質流失是自然老化現象，平時的預防重於事後的治療。且運動休閒量與骨密度達顯著相關；工作量與居家量、運動休閒量達顯著負相關。工作量的增加，導致運動休閒量的不足，如此惡性循環，容易導致骨質密度的流失。所以中老年人尤其是停經後的婦女，不可忽略運動休閒的重要性。太極拳除已知可增強心肺血管弁遄B提昇免疫能力、對關鍵詞：骨質密度、骨質疏鬆症、太極拳 下肢肌力與平衡有助益外，對骨質密度的增加有顯著的幫助，所以太極拳確是一項值得推廣的保健運動。

Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major causes of bone fracture among elderly people. Since 1993, Taiwan has become a hyper-aged society; therefore, prevention and treatment for osteoporosis have become absolutely significant and should not be ignored. The major purpose of this study is to measure the effects of practicing Cheng’s Tai Chi Chuan on bone mineral density for 30 weeks. Forty-four subjects were recruited to participate in the study. The experimental group consisted of 24 members with average age of 50.61 and the control group consisted of 20 members with average age of 50.16. In the experiment group, after 15 weeks of practice, the bone mineral density has increased but did not meet the statistical significant level. However, after 30 weeks training, it was found that the bone density of the lumbar vertebra had 2.17% increase and that of the femoral neck had 3.14% increase. The increase rate at the femoral neck was found significantly higher than the rate at the lumbar vertebra (P<.05). In the control group with the normal daily life, it was found that the bone density at lumbar vertebra had a 5% and that of femur 5.64% decrease, respectively. The speed of losing rate for bone density in the lumbar vertebra was found significantly faster than the losing rate at the femoral neck (P< .05). The results of the study supported 30 weeks of Tai Chi Chuan can prevent osteoporosis caused by aging. It is recommended that mid-aged people (especially women in their menopause) should maintain a habit of doing exercises regularly. Bone lose is a phenomenon of nature. Prevention is more important than curing. Perform regular exercises correlates closely with the bone mass density. Practicing Tai Chi Chuan increases not only cardiovascular endurance, strengthens immune system, prevents chronic diseases, enhances muscle strength and body balance function, but also really helps prevent the loss of bone mass density.

目　錄
中文摘要----------------------------------------- I
英文摘要----------------------------------------- II
誌謝--------------------------------------------- III
目錄--------------------------------------------- IV
表目錄------------------------------------------- IX
圖目錄------------------------------------------- IX
附錄目錄----------------------------------------- X

第一章　緒　論-------------------------------------- 1
第一節　研究動機---------------------------------- 1
第二節　研究目的---------------------------------- 2
第三節　研究假設---------------------------------- 3
第四節　研究範圍---------------------------------- 3
第五節　研究限制---------------------------------- 3
第六節　名詞解釋---------------------------------- 5
第二章　骨質疏鬆症與相關文獻探討---------------- 5
第一節 骨質疏鬆症 --------------------------------- 5
一、骨質疏鬆症之定義----------------------- 5
二、骨的生理解剖構造------------------------ 6
三、骨的生理特性---------------------------- 8
四、骨質的生理變化-------------------------- 9
第二節 骨質疏鬆症之病因研究------------------------ 9
一、原發性骨質疏鬆症----------------------- 9
二、次發性骨質疏鬆症骨質疏鬆症---------- 10
第三節 骨質疏鬆症徵兆與危險因子----------------- 12
一、骨質疏鬆症的徵兆----------------------- 12
二、骨質疏鬆症的危險因子------------------- 12
第四節 骨質疏鬆症的檢測方法與比較----------------- 17
一、骨質疏鬆症的檢測與分級----------------- 17
二、骨質密度測量方法與分類----------------- 18
第五節 骨質疏鬆症相關文獻探討------------------- 27
第六節 運動與骨質疏鬆症相關文獻探討------------- 29
第七節 武術運動對骨質疏鬆症相關文獻探討--------- 39
第八節 身體活動量與骨質密度相關研究探討--------- 45
第三章　實驗方法與步驟--------------------------- 49
第一節　研究對象--------------------------------- 51
第二節　研究架構--------------------------------- 52
第三節　實驗流程與步驟--------------------------- 52
一、研究流程----------------------------- 52
二、實驗日期與地點----------------------- 53
三、實驗器材----------------------------- 53
四、研究程序----------------------------- 54
五.研究設計------------------------------ 55
第四節　資料處理--------------------------------- 60
第四章　結果與討論------------------------------- 61
第一節　受試者基本資料--------------------------- 61
第二節　太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度影響之比較 63
第三節　日常生活量與骨質密度相關之比較----------- 68
第五章　結論與建議------------------------------- 70
第一節　結論------------------------------------- 70
第二節　建議------------------------------------- 71
一、研究結果的應用----------------------- 71
二、未來研究的建議----------------------- 71
參考文獻----------------------------------------- 73
一、中文部分------------------------------ 73
二、外文部分------------------------------ 78
附錄--------------------------------------------- 93
附錄一　受試者同意書----------------------------- 93
附錄二　健康情況篩選問卷------------------------- 94
附錄三　日常身體活動調查問卷--------------------- 96
附錄四　鄭子太極拳三十七式動作名稱--------------- 102

表　目　錄
表-1　骨質密度檢測方法 ------------------------------ 25
表-2　常用的骨質密度偵測儀優缺點--------------------- 26
表-3　刺激骨骼成長的運動處方------------------------- 37
表-4　受試者前測基本資料比較表----------------------- 51
表-5　受試者後測基本資料比較表----------------------- 51
表-6　受試者前測基本資料----------------------------- 62
表-7　組別統計量(初測)------------------------------- 63
表-8　獨立樣本檢定----------------------------------- 63
表-9　15週太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度影響之比較-- 64
表-10　15週太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度之比較----- 64
表-11　腰椎、股骨混合二因子敘述統計------------------- 65
表-12　腰椎、股骨混合二因子多變量檢定----------------- 66
表-13　30週太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度之獨立樣本檢定 67
表-14　30週太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度變化量比較 67
表-15　30週太極拳運動對腰椎骨、骨股頸骨密度影響之比較 68
表-16　日常生活量與骨質密度相關之比較組別統計量------ 69
表-17　日常生活量與骨質密度相關之獨立樣本檢定-------- 70


圖　目　錄

圖-1　骨骼組成圖------------------------------------- 8
圖-2　骨骼的再塑作用圖 ------------------------------ 9
圖-3　研究架構圖------------------------------------- 52
圖-4　研究流程圖------------------------------------- 53
圖-5　每日訓練流程圖--------------------------------- 56
圖-6　腰椎骨骨密度圖--------------------------------- 59
圖-7　股骨骨密度圖----------------------------------- 60
圖-8　骨密度比較圖----------------------------------- 66


附　錄　目　錄

附錄一　受試者同意書--------------------------------- 95
附錄二　健康情況篩選問卷----------------------------- 96
附錄三　日常身體活動調查問卷------------------------- 98
附錄四　鄭子太極拳三十七式動作名稱------------------- 104

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