臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

糞金龜是一群以哺乳類動物的糞便為食物的甲蟲，糞金龜使動物糞便分解成有機物質，快速回歸到土壤中，成為野草、牧草或野生植物的養分。在一般人眼中，糞金龜似乎並不重要，但在生態系中，糞金龜扮演至為重要的角色。牠們在生態系中屬於碎食者。
本研究自2007年7月至2008年4月間，在墾丁國家公園社頂鄰近地區，藉由穿越線調查法及GPS定位系統，定期調查糞金龜物種與數量。在社頂鄰近地區採集到糞金龜物種共計8屬20種，在濕季時調查共採集18種，在乾季時調查共採集18種，乾濕季之間無顯著差異。排遺被利用在乾濕季之間則有顯著差異。調查到的排遺有臺灣梅花鹿、臺灣野豬、臺灣獼猴、牛及狗等5種，其中以梅花鹿的排遺出現最多。發現排遺處棲地之植被中以硬葉林最多，地形以坡地最多。
此外將採集的三種糞金龜帶回飼養繁殖，三種皆為金龜子蜣甲亞科，屬於地道型的糞金龜。排遺利用方面，結果顯示糞金龜雖有偏好利用雜食性哺乳動物糞便之情形，但不論是雜食性、草食性或肉食性哺乳動物之糞便皆可提供糞金龜成功繁殖子代之需求。在生活史方面，惸獨駝渫蜣、恆春司氏渫蜣及稜頭衍餔糞蜣等小型糞金龜，幼蟲生長期約4~6星期，成蟲壽命約1~6個月。
目前調查得到的糞金龜種類與數量與過去資料對照比較，似乎有減少現象，值得我們加以重視，維持適量中大型哺乳動物於棲地中，將有助於維持糞金龜的多樣性。

Dung beetles, using mammalian excrements as food, are important detritivores (also known as detrivores or detritus feeders) that consume detritus (decomposing organic materials), and in doing so contribute to decomposition and the recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.
We investigated by transect sampling in aid of the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) once every month in the Kenting National Park Sheding area from July 2007 to April 2008. The objectives of this study are to investigate the species ,numbers and distribution of dung beetles in this area. Totally 20 species in 8 genera of dung beetles were collected in the Kenting National Park Sheding area.In the wet seasons,we collected 18 species . In the dry seasons,we collected 18 species. There are no significant differences between wet seasons and dry seasons.There are significant differences between the use of different kinds of dungs.
Results showed that there are five kinds of dungs in the area.The most seen is sika deer’s. The most of dungs in habitat appear in hard leaf forests. The most of dungs appear in landscape are hillsides.
Three species of dung beetles Onthophagus (Gibbonthophagus) viduus, Onthophagus ( Strandius ) kuraruanus Mats. and Copris ( Paracopris ) cariniceps Fel. were tested for the dung preferences by using different kinds of dung to compare their reproductive success in the laboratory. These three species of dung beetles are all tunnellers and belong to the subfamily Scarabaeinae. Their development periods(from egg to adult)take about 4~6 weeks and the life span of adults are about 1~6 months.
Results showed that three common species of dung beetles in the Kenting National Park Sheding area preferred feeding on dungs of the omnivorous mammals (Formosan wild boar) to the herbivorous mammals (Formosan sika deer). Dungs of omnivorous ,herbivorous and carnivorous mammals can be used by these three species of dung beetles to rear their offsprings successfully, but the body size of offsprings tended to be larger in using omnivore dungs of omnivorous mammals.
The present investigation shows the decreasing of species of dung beetles when compares to the past report.We must attach great importance to dung beetles. To maintain mid- and big-sized mammals in this habitat will aid biodiversity of dung beetles.

致謝---------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
圖次目錄------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
表次目錄------------------------------------------------------------VI
附錄目錄-----------------------------------------------------------VII
第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究動機-----------------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的-----------------------------------------------------3
第三節 名詞釋義-----------------------------------------------------4
第四節 研究限制-----------------------------------------------------6
第二章 文獻探討------------------------------------------------------7
第ㄧ節 國外相關研究--------------------------------------------------7
第二節 糞金龜與古埃及文化--------------------------------------------11
第三節 國內相關研究-------------------------------------------------12
第三章 研究方法與實施------------------------------------------------13
第一節 調查地區描述-------------------------------------------------13
第二節 糞金龜調查與採集方法------------------------------------------15
第三節 室內繁殖實驗-------------------------------------------------16
第四節 資料的統計與分析---------------------------------------------17
第四章 研究結果與討論-----------------------------------------------18
第ㄧ節 糞金龜野外調查結果-------------------------------------------18
第二節 糞金龜室內實驗結果-------------------------------------------29
第三節 糞金龜面臨的問題---------------------------------------------34
第五章 結論與建議--------------------------------------------------35
第ㄧ節 結論-------------------------------------------------------35
第二節 建議-------------------------------------------------------37
參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------38

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