臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究採用半結構式個別深度訪談進行資料蒐集，以期深入瞭解優秀運動員的壓力來源及因應策略。本研究以32名（男10、女22）當選2002年韓國釜山亞運國家級選手為訪談對象，訪談時間約90分鐘，平均年齡23.41±5.58歲，運動年齡平均10.13±4.65年，經內容分析與歸類後結果如下：一、主要的壓力來源依序為：競賽的壓力、訓練的壓力、與重要他人負面人際關係的壓力、被期望表現好的壓力、生涯發展方面的壓力、心理能力不足的壓力、生理能力不足的壓力以及社會環境的壓力共歸類出八種壓力來源。二、壓力因應策略依序為：賽前的心理準備及焦慮管理、正向的想法、增加努力、尋求社會支持、理性的想法、與搭擋建立正向的工作關係、孤立與偏離、逃避、反應行為、自我規劃及目標設定、無因應策略、忽略、暫時擱置共歸類出十三種因應策略及一些未歸類的因應策略。
依據結果提出討論及針對實際應用與未來研究方向提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to understand elite athletes’ sources of stress and coping strategies. Data was collected through semi-structural interview. Participants were 32 elite athletes(males=10, females=22), who participated in 14th Asian Games in Busan 2002. Participants’ average age and sport age were 23.41+5.58 and 10.13+4.65 repectively. The interval of interview was approximately 90 minutes. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis. The major findings were as follows:
First, athletes’ main sources of stress included: (1)stress of competition, (2)stress of training, (3)negative relationship with important others, (4)expections from others, (5)stress of career arrangement, (6)lack of mental ability, (7)lack of physical ability, and (8)stress from social environment.
Second, coping strategies included: (1)mental preperation and anxiety arrangement before the competition, (2)positive thinking, (3)increasing efforts, (4)asking for social supports, (5)rational thinking, (6)building up positive working relationship with partners, (7)isolation and deviation, (8)avoidance, (9)reactive behavior, (10)self-planning and goal setting, (11)lack of copy strategies, (12)neglect, (13)putting aside; and other kinds of coping strategies.
Discussions are provided in term of the findings. Pratical implication and future research directions are also recommended.

目 錄
第一章 緒 論--------------------------------- 1
第一節 研究背景------------------------------ 1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------ 11
第三節 研究問題------------------------------ 11
第四節 名詞解釋------------------------------ 12
第二章 文獻探討------------------------------- 14
第一節 壓力的理論基礎------------------------ 14
第二節 運動員壓力來源之相關研究-------------- 18
第三節 因應策略的理論基礎-------------------- 20
第四節 運動員壓力因應策略之相關研究---------- 30
第五節 質性研究的定義------------------------ 32
第三章 研究方法------------------------------- 34
第一節 研究參與者------------- -------------- 34
第二節 研究工具------------------------------ 36
第三節 蒐集資料的過程------------------------ 39
第四節 資料分析流程-------------------------- 41
第五節 研究信賴度---------------------------- 42
第四章 研究結果------------------------------- 45
第一節 優秀運動員壓力來源-------------------- 47
第二節 優秀運動員壓力因應策略---------------- 60
第三節 本章總結------------------------------ 82
第五章 討論----------------------------------- 83
第一節 優秀運動員壓力來源-------------------- 83
第二節 優秀運動員壓力因應策略---------------- 93
第六章 結論與建議----------------------------- 98
第一節 結論---------------------------------- 98
第二節 建議---------------------------------- 104
第三節 未來研究------------------------------ 104
參考文獻---------------------------------------- 106
附錄-------------------------------------------- 124
附錄一 訪談指導語---------------------------- 124
附錄二 訪談指引------------------------------ 125
附錄三 訪談資料分析實例---------------------- 126

表 目 錄
表2-1 國外學者對壓力定義文獻摘要表--------------- 15
表2-2 國內學者對壓力定義文獻摘要表--------------- 16
表2-3 國外學者對因應定義文獻摘要表--------------- 21
表2-4 國內學者對因應定義文獻摘要表--------------- 22
表2-5 運動員壓力因應策略文獻摘要表--------------- 31
表3-1 研究對象基本資料--------------------------- 35
表4-1 優秀運動員壓力來源次數及百分比歸類表------- 52
表4-2 優秀運動員壓力因應策略次數及百分比歸類表--- 66


圖 目 錄
圖2-1 壓力與因應質行模式圖------------------------ 26
圖4-1 資料歸類範例圖----------------------------- 45
圖4-2 優秀運動員壓力來源圖------------------------ 48
圖4-3 優秀運動員壓力因應策略圖-------------------- 61

一、中文部分
王文科(民88)：教育研究法。臺北市：五南圖書公司。
王以仁、陳芳玲、林本喬(民84)：教師心理衛生。臺北市：心理出版社有限公司。
中正大學教育研究所主編(民89)：質的研究法。高雄市：麗文出版社。
江鴻鈞(民84)：台灣省國民小學初任校長工作壓力及其因應方式之研究。國立台中師範學院教育研究所碩士論文。
朱娟瑩(民75)：我國大學生求助態度與求助行為之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
江承曉(民80)：青少年的生活壓力、因應行為與其身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育所碩士論文。
李坤崇、歐慧敏 (民82)：國中、國小學生行為困擾相關因素之調查研究。台南師範學報，26，109-137頁。
呂君榮(民89)：大學體育科系學生生涯信念與生涯發展阻隔因素之調查研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
呂碧琴(民80)：運動員退休經驗研究：以我國優秀田競運動員為個案。國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
何家齊(民87)：大學生的樂觀傾向、壓力因應方式與生活適應的相關研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。
林彥佑(民88)：大學生因應策略之訪談、評量與調查研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文。
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吳芝儀、李奉儒譯(民84)：質的評鑑與研究。臺北：桂冠。
吳蘇、林紀玲(民89)：運動員的心理問題與策略應用之回顧。臺灣體育，108期，65-72頁。
胡幼慧(民85)：質性研究---理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。臺北市：巨流出版社。
高薰芳、林盈助、王向葵譯(民91)：質化研究設計：一種互動取向的方法。臺北市：心理出版社股份有限公司。
高敬文(民85)：質化研究的方法。臺北市：師大書苑。
徐宗國(民85)：紮根理論研究方法，載於胡幼慧主編，質性研究。台北：巨流，47-73頁。
莊雅蘭(民88)：大學生負向事件歸因之訪談、評量與調查研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文。
陳李綢(民87)：台灣師範大學學生生活適應之調查研究。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，45(1)，159-180。
陳柏齡(民89)：國中生生活壓力、失敗容忍力、與憂鬱傾向之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學教育系碩士論文。
陳昺麟(民90)：社會科學質化研究之紮根理論實施程式及實例之介紹。勤益學報，19期，327-342頁。
陳聖芳(民86)：走出挑戰極限的路上－我國運動員生活、學業和出路問題。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
陳榮宗(民90)：壓力管理與因應方式之探究。研習論壇理論與實務月刊，9期，22-32頁。
陳家駒(民77)：壓力的因應與心理疾病的預防。諮商與輔導，26期，2-5頁。
許樹淵(民64)：體育學系錄取新生之成績分析。師大體育，創刊號，13-15頁。
許樹淵(民68)：論運動績優保送升學術科的問題。現代體育，2(1)，7-12頁。
許樹淵(民70)：運動績優保送生學科成績之比較分析。體育學報，1，121-127頁。
程玲玲(民78)：大學生的困擾及主觀之覺、歸因方式、因應策略與心理求助。中興大學法商學報，23，275-321頁。
黃進南(民83)：專科學生對諮商服務的認識程度與求助態度之調查研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。
黃瑞琴(民91)：質的教育研究方法。臺北市：心理出版社股份有限公司。
黃清如(民89)：大學運動員的目標取向、自覺能力與認知評估對競技壓力因應策略的影響。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
黃郁琦(民82)：從時間管理談學生運動員的訓練及學業。國民體育季刊，22(4)，79-84頁。
黃金柱(民73)：影響運動績優保送生訓練意願因素之調查分析。國立台灣師範大學學報，29，229-288頁。
張光達(民89)：運動員的管理壓力。大專體育，49，173-180頁。
張宏亮(民82)：運動教練工作壓力、因應策略與職業倦怠之相關研究。文鶴出版有限公司。
張宏亮(民82)：質性體育研究法。中華體育，7(1)，12-18頁。
張宏亮(民84)：大學運動績優保送生之學校適應探討(下)。國民體育季刊，24(2)，77-83頁。
張春興(民84)：張氏心理辭典。臺北：東華書局。
曾肇文(民85)：國小學童學校壓力、因應方式、社會支援與學校適應之相關研究。新竹師範國民教育研究所論文集，2，195-217頁。
葉兆祺(民88)：國民小學實習教師的工作壓力與因應方式之研究。國立台中師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
葉重新(民91)：教育研究法。臺北市：心理出版社股份有限公司。
葉龍源(民86)：國小主任工作壓力及其因應方式之研究。國立台中師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
楊百川(民90)：高中生心理需求困擾之評量與調查研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文。
蔡純姿(民87)：國民小學教師知覺教育改革之工作壓力及其因應策略研究。國立師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
管貴貞、萬衛華（民88）：景文技術學院二專部學生工讀狀況與生活適應之探討。景文技術學院學報，9（2），75-92頁。
劉方(民89)：高中生負向情緒經驗之分析研究。國立屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
劉若蘭(民83)：如何與壓力共舞••••從個人與環境互動的觀點談起。學生輔導通訊，34期，30-33頁。
劉福鎔(民85)：小學教師的A形人格特質、師生關係與學生生活適應之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
謝佳男(民90)：運動之路的起伏與調適---八位體育保送生的經驗。國立師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文。
薛淑琦(民82)：運動員的過度訓練。台灣省學校體育，3卷5期，20-23頁。
藍孝勤(民85)：國立體育學院運動技術學系學生有關運動表現之心理困擾調查研究。國立體育學院論叢，7(1)，35-44頁。
蘇彙珺(民87)：社會支援、自我效能與國中學生壓力因應歷程中認知評估及因應策略的相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。

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