臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統之工址調查常需藉助地質鑽探、土壤取樣及室內試驗，以瞭解地下土層之物理性質及力學特性，但這類試驗通常費時、昂貴且取樣體積小，同時擾動後之土壤亦對可能試驗結果產生若干影響，故均屬於破壞性探測法；至於地球物理探測法則屬於非破壞性探測法，可提供快速、經濟且施測容易之試驗方式，以作為傳統鑽探試驗之輔助調查工具，同時在無法進行鑽孔探測之工址中，更可彌補傳統鑽探試驗受地層構造限制之缺憾，並可有效量測大範圍工址之淺部地層構造及波速度分層。
新近發展之多頻道式表面波量測法，乃透過一串受波器及震源之野外試驗配置幾何中，由折射震測儀記錄其震波資料，並利用先進之二維訊號識別技術以計算頻散關係曲線，而後假設土層參數之模型並透過自動化之反算分析流程，以求得試驗土層之平均剪力波速度剖面，進而推求其剪力模數，故現已倍受學術及工程界之重視。
本研究之目的，即探討不同施測參數對震測資料擷取之影響，並決定適當之施測參數配置準則，以減少近域效應、遠域效應、空間之映頻混擾等影響，並依此判定頻散關係曲線之有效範圍；此外由不同分析方法對頻散關係曲線之結果比較中，決定最佳之分析方法，同時定義震測資料之訊號雜訊比；最後由上述之成果中，決定野外試驗之測線配置方式，並依現場之工址條件而採用不同型式之施測方式。

Traditional site characterization utilizes exploratory boring, sampling, and laboratory experiment to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of the underground. These methods are time-consuming, costly, invasive, and have limited sampling volume. The materials under test are typically disturbed. Geophysical field methods, however, are non-invasive, usually fast, inexpensive, easy-to-perform, and sampling a large volume. Hence, the latter can effectively assist the traditional exploration methods or replace them at sites where borings may not be permitted.
Among several geophysical methods, multi-channel surface wave seismic survey has recently been developed to measure underground shear-wave velocity profile. A refraction seismograph records the seismic signals with geophones equally spaced in a survey line. The signals are analyzed using an advanced 2-D signal pattern recognition technique to efficiently and accurately calculate the dispersion curve of the surface wave. The shear-wave velocity profile can then be automatically inverted from the experimental dispersion curve, and the shear modulus can be further estimated. This method possesses many important applications for site investigation and earthquake engineering.
The primary objective of this research was to study the effect of field configuration on the measurement and compare different analysis methods for the dispersion curve. Parametric studies result in a general guideline for the field data acquisition. The wavefield transformation was found to be most efficient to covert surface wave on a shot gather directly into images of dispersion curves. The signal-to-noise ratio of the dispersion curve determined from the wavefield transformation was also defined. Test procedures that combine traditional seismic methods such as refraction and reflection methods are suggested. A case study was presented to demonstrate the capability of this new technique in estimating the liquefaction potential in gravelly soils. Another case study demonstrated how to measure shear wave and compression wave velocity simultaneously with a refraction array using surface wave analysis and first arrival time tomography.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究流程 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1 土壤之動態剪力性質 8
2.2 波傳基本原理 9
2.3 現地震波探測 12
2.3.1 破壞性試驗 12
2.3.1.1 鑽孔式探測法 13
2.3.1.2 貫入式探測法 15
2.3.2 非破壞性試驗 15
2.3.2.1 實體波震測法 16
2.3.2.2 表面波震測法 17
2.4 穩態振動表面波法 18
2.5 表面波譜分析法 20
2.5.1 頻譜分析 20
2.5.2 測線配置方式 22
2.6 可控震源式表面波譜分析法 24
2.7 連續表面波量測法 25
2.8 多頻道式表面波量測法 26
2.8.1 表面波譜分析法 26
2.8.2 連續表面波量測法 27
2.8.3 多頻道式之慢度頻率轉換法 28
2.8.4 多頻道式之泛音分析法 30
第三章 研究方法 54
3.1 試驗儀器與資料擷取 54
3.1.1 試驗儀器 54
3.1.2 資料擷取 58
3.2 施測因子 60
3.2.1 近站支距 61
3.2.2 受波器間距 61
3.2.3 遠站支距 62
3.2.4 撞擊能量 63
3.2.5 震測方向 64
3.3 理論參數研究 65
3.4 試驗參數研究 67
3.5 頻散曲線之比較 70
3.5.1 頻散曲線之比較方法 71
3.5.2 訊號雜訊比之定義 71
3.6 表面波施測方式 73
3.6.1 結合反射震測法 74
3.6.2 結合折射震測法 75
3.6.3 野外試驗流程 77
3.7 反算分析之介紹 79
第四章 結果與討論 100
4.1 理論施測參數研究 100
4.2 試驗施測參數研究 105
4.3 頻散曲線比較 116
4.3.1 分析方法之結果 117
4.3.2 分析方法之比較 121
4.3.3 訊號雜訊比之比較 124
4.4 野外試驗 129
4.4.1 結合反射震測之施測方法及其應用 130
4.4.2 結合折射震測之施測方法及其應用 134
第五章 結論與建議 194
5.1 結論 194
5.2 建議 197
參考文獻 199
附錄A 台灣中部地區多頻道表面波震測之測線位置與試驗結果 210

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