臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於電腦的發明及網際網路(Internet)的快速進步，使得現今許多資訊的取得及傳輸，都需透過電腦螢幕來達成。人機界面的設計悠關到視覺工作效率，目前由於各家學者的默默奉獻，大體上已經完備。但其中為高齡者所做的研究，相形十分稀少。隨著高齡化社會的來臨，老年人學習電腦的需求日殷迫切，故為本研究的動機之一。
因年齡的增長，四十歲以後水晶體逐漸硬化，造成近物不清。同時明視度的降低及疾病的影響，使得視覺作業效率和年輕時大有不同。因此假如套用現成的VDT作業環境，反而變得不太舒適。因此本研究探討字體大小和字型的設定，欲以此改善高齡者視覺作業環境，提高日常作業績效，同時探討因年齡所造成的績效差別。
本研究透過實驗室法蒐集資料，以控制字體大小(25分視角、40分視角、55分視角)、字型(細明體、中圓體、標楷體)來探討它們對兩項視覺作業指標─視認度(legibility，又名可辨性)、主觀偏好的影響，並選用ANOVA法比較高齡組(65歲以上)及青年組(20~28歲)間的差異。
結果以ANOVA分析字體大小對視認度的影響，發覺字體大小達顯著影響，字體愈大成績愈高；字型對視認度達顯著影響，依優劣分別是細明體、中圓體、標楷體。再以ANOVA分析字體大小對主觀偏好的影響，結果字體大小達顯著影響，字體愈大成績愈好；字型對主觀偏好達顯著影響，依優劣順序為中圓體、細明體、標楷體。
分析青年組和高齡組數據的不同，發現以「瞬間顯示」測量視認度時，高齡組整體成績只有青年組66%；而以「日常閱讀」測量主觀偏好時，高齡者成績也略低於青年組。同時發覺在「瞬間顯示」時，高齡組和青年組對字型的反應，有明顯的不同。
本研究建議高齡者合適的字體大小，最少為55分視角，因為字體愈大愈能拉近和青年組成績的差別。而合適的螢幕字型，則因作業環境而有所不同。在要求快速辨識的場合，或視認度極重要時，以羅馬體型式的細明體較優；網頁內文呈現或要求文章的可讀性(readability)要高的時候，以高司體型式的中圓體較優。研究成果對高齡者使用電腦之效率，有增進的效果，並能進一步發覺年齡對VDT作業的影響。
關鍵詞：高齡、視覺終端機、陰極射線管、字體大小、字型、視認度、主觀偏好

Due to the invention of computers and the progress of the Internet, we must acquire much information by VDT working station now. The visual performance of VDT work was much affected by the human-computer interface. The results of other scholars’ research were completed broadly, but the research for the elderly was less by contrast. When our society is becoming older, the elderly need to study computer urgently to do so many everyday jobs. For this reason, we must do some research to help the elderly use computer easily.
With the increasing of age, the situation of presbyopia is appeared after 40 years old. Visual performance also decreased slightly because of the vision and diseases. So it was not comfortable for the elderly by using VDT default setting. For this reason, this study used two experiments to investigate the effects of font size and typeface on visual identification performance and subjective preference. We hoped that our results could help the elderly improve their VDT working environment.
In this research, we used the method of experiment design to gather information. Thin-ming, Zhong-yuan, Biao-kai were the three typefaces, and 25, 40, 55 visual angle (VA) in minutes were the three font size using in this study. We wanted to investigate the effects of font size and typeface on legibility and subjective preference, and discovered the difference between the elderly (65 years old or above) and the young (age from 20~28 years old).
An ANOVA test was created to test the legibility and subjective preference for main effects and interactions effects. The results showed that font size significantly affected legibility. Subjects performed better with bigger font size, and 55 VA was the best. Typeface also significantly affected legibility, with Thin-ming resulting in the best performance and Biao-kai the worst. Subjective preference was significantly affected by font size. 55 VA resulted in the greatest subjective preference, while 25 VA the worst. And typeface also significantly affected subjective preference, with Zhong-yuan resulting in the best and Biao-kai the worst.
When we compared the performance between the elderly and the young, it showed that the elderly usually got less performance than the young. By the performance of legibility in the first experiment, we detected that the elderly got 33% shorten in the score than the young. In the second experiment, the subjective preference of the elderly was lower than the young similarly.
In summary, we recommended that 55 VA was the suitable font size for the elderly. When the font size can become bigger, the performance of the elderly can become better. The suitable typeface depended on the purposes of VDT work. When the subjects wanted to identify quickly or legibility was important, Thin-ming was the best. When readability was important or used typeface in homepage, Zhong-yuan was the best.
Keywords: elderly, VDT, CRT, font size, typeface, legibility, subjective preference

目錄
摘要II
AbstractIII
誌謝IV
目錄V
圖目錄VIII
表目錄IX
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機1
第二節 研究背景3
第三節 研究目的4
第四節 研究架構及流程5
第五節 研究限制7
第六節 論文結構7
第二章 文獻探討9
第一節 高齡的定義和高齡化社會現況9
第二節 高齡者的視覺特性11
第三節 適合高齡者的視覺設計17
第四節 字型、字體大小相關文獻整理19
第五節 影響視覺績效及主觀偏好的因素探討28
第六節 漢字構型和資訊獲得方式32
第七節 VDT相關文獻整理35
第三章 研究方法37
第一節 研究架構及流程37
第二節 研究變數的定義39
第三節 實驗參數設定41
第四節 研究假設43
第五節 實驗設計43
第六節 受試者選取及推估樣本數45
第七節 實驗過程49
第八節 統計分析方法51
第四章 結果與分析52
第一節 高齡組結果分析52
第二節 高齡-青年分析比較59
第五章 結論與建議72
第一節 結論72
第二節 研究貢獻73
第三節 未來建議74
參考文獻75
附錄一 實驗指導語80

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