臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年為促進國家經濟成長動能，全球各國政府積極推動創新創業政策，欲建立完善創新生態系，造就新創企業數量蓬勃增長。根據經濟部統計資料，一年新創企業近 10 萬家，年增率達 4%，但同時一年內倒閉比率高達 90%，能撐過前五年者更只有 1%。如何在競爭與變動的商業環境生存，仍有許多努力空間。綜觀國內外對創業生態系統的研究大多著重創業系統主體如政府、學研機構、投資單位與其之間互動發展做為研究主題 (Ben, 2017)，鮮少以新創企業為視角來探討創業生態系統。
有鑒於此，本研究旨在研究新創企業如何透過與創業生態系統的互動，強化自身的競爭優勢。本研究運用 Ben (2017) 創業生態系統架構結合 Teece (1997, 2007) 動態能力理論，以創意引晴股份有限公司 (Viscovery) 與豐盛智慧股份有限公司 (Perkd) 進行案例分析，發現新創企業會從創業生態系統擷取資源，建構動態能力，以強化競爭優勢，也發現新創企業與創業生態系統間存在共同演化的關係。
本研究之學術意涵在於將動態能力理論應用在新創企業與創業生態系統的互動中，同時強調新創企業與創業生態系統發展是一個共同演化的過程。實務意涵則為提供新創企業審視其動態能力的組成要素與建構流程，並理解如何運用創業生態系統資源來建構動態能力，以及能借助動態能力來強化核心能力，達成競爭優勢。
本研究價值在先是微觀地探討新創企業與創業生態系統的互動，再延伸至較宏觀的構面，認為新創企業與外部創業主體是基於共同利益聚集，經轉譯與結盟與最後觸發彼此共同成長的過程。換言之，本研究的主要貢獻在於補足了過去創業生態系統理論缺乏個案研究的缺口，並強化了創業生態系統理論在近年的討論焦點—生態系統的流程與演化。此外，本研究也強調新創企業的主動權，證明其擁有能改變創業主體的能力，此影響甚至能擴張至整個創業生態系統。

In recent years, in order to increase economic growth, governments around the world have been actively working on entrepreneurship and innovation policies in establishing successful entrepreneurial ecosystems. According to 2017 statistics data from Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., there are nearly 100,000 startups a year with an annual growth rate of 4%, but at the same time, the rate of failures in one year is as high as 90%, and only 1% of those survive the first five years. How to survive in a competitive and changing business environment still leaves much room for effort. Previous research have elaborated on entrepreneurial ecosystems entities such as government, universities, and investment institutions (Ben, 2017); however, relationship between “startup” and the ecosystem entities is still lack of discussion.
This study aims to explore how startup companies strengthen competitive advantage through the interaction with entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using Ben (2017) entrepreneurial ecosystem structure and Teece (1997, 2007) dynamic capability theory to the analysis of two startups—Viscovery and Perkd, the study finds out that startups acquire resources from entrepreneurial ecosystem to construct their dynamic capabilities, and use dynamic capabilities to enhance their core competence, in the end to achieve competitive advantages. Moreover, a co-evolving relationship between startups and entrepreneurial ecosystems is being elaborated.
The academic implications of this study lie in the application of dynamic capability theory to the interaction between startups and entrepreneurial ecosystems, while emphasizing that the development of start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems is a co-evolving process. The practical implications are to provide startups a clear picture in developing dynamic capabilities and to understand how to use the entrepreneurial ecosystem resources to build up dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages.
This research explores entrepreneurial ecosystem in an unique way—both microscopically and macroscopically, starting from startups specific needs in acquiring external resources, to the collaboration with ecosystem entities, and further perceive the ecosystem as a collaborative, co-evolutionary, and dynamic network.
To conclude, the main contribution of this study is to bridge the research gap in case studies research of entrepreneurial ecosystem, and to provide “process” and “evolution” point of view that has gained increasing attention in recent years.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 2
第三節 研究流程 2

第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 生態系統相關理論比較 4
第二節 創業生態系統簡介 6
(一) 創業生態系統概念起源 6
(二) 創業生態系統內涵 6
第三節 創業生態系統組成元素 8
(一) 物質（Material） 8
(二) 社會（Society） 10
(三) 文化（Culture） 13
第四節 創業生態系統組成元素間之互動關係 14
(一) 要素之間的連結 14
(二) 資源與連結的演化 17
第五節 動態能力觀點（Dynamic Capability Perspective） 20
(一) 從資源觀點到動態能力觀點 20
(二) 動態能力之組成要素 23
(三) 動態能力之發展流程 28

第三章 研究設計與方法 35
第一節 研究架構 35
第二節 質性研究之個案研究法 36
第三節 個案選擇 37
第四節 資料蒐集與分析方式 37
(一) 深度訪談法（Intensive interview; In-depth Interview）： 半結構式的訪談（Semi-structured interviews） 37
(二) 檔案文獻法（Documentation）： 38
(三) 次級資料分析法（Secondary Qualitative Study）： 38
(四) 質化研究的信度與效度 38
(五) 訪談名單 40

第四章 案例分析 42
第一節 創意引晴股份有限公司（Viscovery） 42
(一) 公司介紹 42
(二) 與創業生態系統主體互動以建構定位（position）要素 44
(三) 路徑（path）要素影響企業的定位 51
(四) 定位與路徑形塑企業的流程（process）要素 52
(五) 動態能力的發展過程與競爭優勢建構 54
第二節 豐盛智慧顧問股份有限公司（Perkd） 63
(一) 公司介紹 63
(二) 與創業生態系統主體互動以建構定位（position）要素 65
(三) 路徑（path）要素影響企業的定位 70
(四) 定位與路徑形塑企業的流程（process）要素 71
(五) 動態能力的發展過程與競爭優勢建構 73
第三節 分析小結 74

第五章 結論與建議 76
第一節 討論與發現 76
第二節 學術意涵與管理意涵 95
(一) 學術意涵 95
(二) 管理意涵 96
第三節 研究限制與後續建議 97
(一) 研究限制 97
(二) 後續建議 97
第四節 結論 99

參考文獻 100
(一) 英文文獻 100
(二) 中文文獻 106
附錄一：新創企業Viscovery訪談大綱 110
附錄二：新創企業Perkd訪談大綱 111
附錄三：新創企業BravoAI訪談大綱 112
附錄四：天使創投訪談大綱 113
附錄五：加速器StarFab訪談大綱 114

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