臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水躍是河道水流由超臨界流轉換成亞臨界流的過程，以往水躍研究拘限於清水水躍。台灣地區在颱風豪雨期間河道中的水流往往挾帶大量泥砂而形成渾水水流，有些地方會形成渾水水躍，因此本研究將探討渾水之水躍特性。
本研究主要分為三部份，首先簡要整理前人對清水水躍之研究成果，然後以冪定理流變模式及賓漢流體模式表示渾水之流變特性，進行理論推導矩形渠道上渾水水躍共軛水深比之關係式，並分別探討共軛水深比受渾水含砂濃度、水躍前的水流福祿數及渠床坡度的影響。最後進行矩形渠道上渾水水躍共軛水深比之敏感度分析，探討關係式中水躍前的水流福祿數、渠床坡度、運動黏滯係數、流動指數及比重量等五個參數對水躍共軛水深比之影響。
分析結果顯示，不論以冪定理流變模式或賓漢流體模式表示渾水水躍理論特性，其結果均顯示渾水含砂濃度越大，渾水水躍之共軛水深比越小；而在固定渾水濃度的情形下渾水水躍之共軛水深比會隨水躍前的水流福祿數的增加而增加，也會隨坡度的增加而增加。而敏感度分析結果顯示，水躍前的水流福祿數對水躍共軛水深比的影響較大。

Hydraulic jump is a natural phenomenon in which the supercritical flow is rapidly transformed into a subcritical flow in a channel. In the past, most of study focused on hydraulic jump of pure water. The heavy rainfall brought by typhoon in Taiwan often results in hyperconcentrated flows in channels, and some of hyperconcentrated flows are even to form hydraulic jumps. Due to the lack of knowledge on the hydraulic jump of hyperconcentrated flow, the present study is aimed to investigate the characteristics of hydraulic jumps for flows entrained with sediment.
This study involves three parts. Firstly, we briefly summarized the previous study on hydraulic jump of clear water are. Secondly, using the power-law and Bingham fluid model to describe the rheological properties of hyperconcentrated flows, we derived a theoretical relation of sequent-flow-depth ratio for a hydraulic jump of a hyperconcentrated flow, and discussed the effects of the Froude numbers、bottom slopes、kinematic viscosity、fluid index and specific weight on the sequent-flow-depth ratio. Finally, we conducted the sensitivity analysis for the sequent-flow-depth ratio.
No matter using the power-law model or the Bingham fluid model, the sequent-flow-depth ratio for hyperconcentrated flow decreases with the increase of sediment concentration in the flow. For the case of the same sediment concentration, the sequent-flow-depth ratio increases with the increase of the Froude number or the bottom slope. And the results of sensitivity analysis show that the influence of Froude number on sequent-flow-depth ratio is larger than other parameters.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌 謝 III
目 錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
符號表 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 1
1-3 研究方法與流程 2
1-4 本文架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2-1 清水水躍研究 5
2-2 渾水水躍研究 19
第三章 清水水躍之理論分析 25
3-1 雷諾傳輸定理 25
3-2 質量守恆 27
3-3 動量方程式 30
3-4 清水水躍特性之綜合分析 34
第四章 冪定理模式之水躍特性分析 41
4-1 渾水之流變模式 41
4-2 冪定理模式之渠床剪應力 44
4-3 冪定理模式之水躍共軛水深比關係式 47
4-4 參數敏感度分析 49
4-5 冪定理模式水躍共軛水深比與影響參數之比較分析 50
第五章 賓漢流體模式之水躍特性分析 58
5-1 賓漢流體模式之渠床剪應力 58
5-2 賓漢流體模式之水躍共軛水深比關係式 62
5-3 賓漢流體模式水躍共軛水深比與影響參數之比較分析 63
第六章 結論與建議 71
6-1 結論 71
6-2 建議 71
參考文獻 73
附錄A 渾水水躍共軛水深比關係式之推導 76

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