臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機氯農藥(Organochlorine pesticides, OCPs)為持久性有機汙染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs)的一種，是目前全球關注的議題。OCPs具有親脂性、不易降解、半衰期長、生物累積等特性，在人體研究方面亦發現，OCPs會經由食物累積於血液、母乳、脂肪組織，所以要調查有機氯農藥是否殘留於人體組織內，母乳是一種相當便利的樣品。母乳中有機氯農藥的殘留除了可以反應產婦身體的負擔外，並可用於評估嬰幼兒暴露有機氯農藥之生物累積劑量。至今國內對於人體暴露於有機氯農藥之研究還是相當缺乏，因此本研究目的調查南台灣地區一般哺乳人口母乳中20種有機氯農藥化合物濃度，了解南台灣地區婦女與嬰幼兒暴露有機氯農藥之背景濃度，同時結合問卷評估有機氯農藥的殘留劑量與相關因素間的關聯性。參與計劃的受試者為台灣南部屏東基督教醫院之孕婦，收集時間為2007年至2010年，並通過屏東基督教醫院人替試驗委員會的核可。共分析了20種有機氯農藥，其中以p,p'-DDT及p,p'-DDE佔最高濃度，分別為435.57±185.77 ng/g-lipid、 77.24±41.64 ng/g-lipid。DDT與母親的年齡、產前的BMI和胎次都沒有顯著的相關性，先前的學者也曾發現母乳中DDTs 濃度和母親的年齡、產前的BMI 及胎次皆無顯著相關，和本研究所得到的結果一致。而在脂肪含量方面則呈現負相關(p&;lt;0.05)。本研究所得到的研究結果顯示，台灣地區產婦母乳中有機氯農藥的含量相當低，而母乳對嬰兒的好處是世界公認的，所以本研究建議台灣地區婦女可多以母乳哺育嬰兒。

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to raise global public concern. These lipophilic OCPs, with high resistance to degradation and long half-lives in humans, had been confirmed to be bioaccumulated in human including blood, breast milk, and adipose tissues throug dietary. Breast milk could offer a non-invasive convenient specimen for measuring OCP residues in human tissues. The residues of OCPs in breast milk reflect the maternal body burden and estimation of bioaccumulative OCPs in their nursing infants. Recently, the studies were still lacking for evaluation of the Taiwanese exposure to OCPs. The aim of this study was to investigate 20 OCP residues in breast milk from southern Taiwan. OCPs were analyzed by a gas chromatograph with a low resolution mass spectrometer. Study participants were pregnant women without clinical complications recruited from a local hospital in southern Taiwan between December 2007 and November 2010. The characteristic of dietary habits was gathered from the questionnaire. The correlations of breast milk OCPs and dietary habits were examined by the statistical tests with SPSS 12.0 software. The predominant compounds of p,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDE were 436±186 and 77.2±41.6 ng/g-lipid, respectively among 20 OCPs. This result was consistent with the previous study to show no correlations between breast milk DDTs levels, maternal age, and pre-pregnant BMI. DDTs residues were negatively correlated with lipid contents of breast milk. Based on our present results to show low levels of DDTs in breast milk in Taiwan were compared to the global levels. Department of Health in Taiwan should encourage continuously the policy of breastfeeding to the next generation.

摘要
Abstract
謝誌
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章、前言
1.1研究源起
1.2 研究目的
第二章、文獻回顧
2.1、有機氯農藥的性質
2.1.1、有機氯農藥之物理化學性質
2.1.2、有機氯農藥之毒理
2.2、有機氯農藥介紹
2.2.1、有機氯農藥之分類
2.2.2、台灣有機氯農藥使用概況
2.3、有機氯農藥流佈
2.3.1、河川底泥
2.3.2、食品殘留
2.3.3、各國母乳中的殘留量
2.4、有機氯農藥對人體的影響
第三章、實驗方法與步驟
3.1、個案收集
3.2、樣品收集與保存
3.3、試劑與藥品
3.4、儀器設備
3.5、母乳前處理
3.6、化學分析
3.7 、QA/QC
3.8、數據整理之方式
3.8.1、低於偵測極限樣品之處理
3.8.2、統計分析
第四章、結果與討論
4.1、受試者基本描述
4.2、母乳中有機氯含量
4.2.1、國內母乳有機氯殘留比較
4.2.2、國外母乳有機氯農藥殘存比較
4.3、母乳中有機氯農藥殘存量與相關因子探討
4.4、嬰幼兒攝入有機氯農藥評估
第五章、結論與建議
5.2、建議
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