臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

研究指出交通事故駕駛人的嚴重受傷度中，對撞的發生對駕駛人而言，受傷程度為最高死亡，本研究預瞭解對於「對向汽車警示訊號燈的安全視認性」，首先藉由「模擬攝影法」測量35位青年(15-25歲)，瞭解來車減速時，於有前燈與無車前燈的狀況下的反應時間，並探討不同參數下（車速、距離、日夜、燈具），對反應時間的影響；其次藉由實驗測得的三組車前燈對駕駛人在減速時的反應時間，瞭解不同類型的燈具(主動型燈具-強光燈；被動型-危險燈、方向燈)所需的最小安全距離。

研究結果顯示(1)駕駛人的反應能力於對向來車減速時，警示燈亮同時減速下，較直接減速(無燈)來的好。 本研究於白天、車速80Km/hr的狀況下、車子在受測者前方40公尺處減速（分別為直接減速與警示燈亮同時減速的狀況）有警示燈的減速較無警示訊號燈快1.44秒(2.1倍)，並可增加安全反應距離32公尺，T檢定下具有顯著差異，可能為警示訊號燈的視覺刺激較高，較直接減速無燈的反應快上許多(2) 相對車速80 Km/hr及相對車速100 Km/hr測試結果在反應力上沒有明顯差異，因速度過於相近難以有明顯差異；(3) 警示訊號燈於近距離40公尺、日夜間的反應力沒有差異，但夜間遠距離80公尺對駕駛人的反應力較差，可能是夜間遠處的視線較差所致，數據顯示警示訊號燈的反應力與日夜間及距離有相關。 在距離80公尺、車速80 Km/Hr或提升至100 Km/Hr的情況下，日間反應力較夜間快1.6倍~1.8倍，而反應距離相差18.3 ∼ 19.2公尺，且在夜間的反應力落差也較日間來的大，可能在夜間遠處的視線較差所致；(4)主動型燈具(強光燈)的反應力較被動型 (危險燈、方向燈)好。 於夜間的狀況下，距離80公尺處，閃燈後減速，主動型燈具(強光燈)的反應力較被動型 (危險燈、方向燈)快0.55秒∼0.79秒(1.53倍~1.75倍)，尤其在夜間遠處反應力極佳，且無論日夜間在遠處80公尺處的反應力落差也較被動型車燈來的小，可能為強光燈(主動型)有強烈的光源，對視覺刺激較危險燈及方向燈(被動型)高，因此在反應力上強光燈也較其他兩者佳。

Abstract

According to researches, for drivers, the highest fatality occurs in head-to-head collision from the rating of seriously injured drivers by traffic accidents. This research intends to understand “The Safety Legibility Of Warning signal From Cars On Opposite Lane”. First, it measures the reaction time of 35 young men (15-25 years old) when they realize that counter car with or without head light slows down by using “simulation video filming method”, and discuss the influences of different parameters (car speed, distance, day or night, light) to reaction time. Second, to understand the minimum safe distance required by different types of lights (active type – blaze light; passive type – warning signal, turn signal) through the driver’s reaction time for slowing down as to three sets of headlights measured by experiments.

The research result shows (1) the reaction of a driver is better when counter car is slowing down with warning signal on than directly slowing down (without light on). Under 80Km/hr car speed during day time, the car slows down at 40 meters in front of testee (under circumstances in slowing down directly and slowing down with warning signal on respectively), in which the slowing down with warning signal on is 1.44 seconds (2.1 times) faster than the one without waning light on, and also increases safe reaction distance by 32 meters. It is significant difference in T test, the reason of which may be the visual stimulation of warning signal is higher and thereby the reaction is much faster than directly slowing down without warning signal; (2) it is no significant difference between 80Km/hr and 100Km/hr comparative car speed, because the speeds are too close to have significant difference; (3) the reaction has no difference between day and night for warning signal in 40 meters short distance, instead the reaction of drivers in 80 meters long distance is bad, it might be caused by worse vision to distance place at night. It shows that the reaction to warning signal is related to day and night and distance. In distance of 80 meters, 80Km/hr car speed or increasing to 100 Km/hr, the reaction dung day time is faster 1.6~1.8 times than during night time, meanwhile the difference of reaction distance is 18.3~19.2 meters. In addition, the variance of reaction during night time is bigger than day time, it might be caused by the worse vision to distance place at night; (4) the reaction to active type (blaze light)
is better than passive type (warning signal, turn signal). During the night with distance of 80 meters, the reaction to active type (blaze light) is 0.55 second ~0.79 second (1.53 ~ 1.75 times) faster than passive type (warning signal, turn signal) as slowing down by flashing light, especially the reaction to distance place at night is excellent, and even the reaction variance in distance of 80 meters either during day or night time is also smaller than passive type, which probably is that blaze light (active type) has sharp light source with higher visual stimulation than warning signal and turn signal (passive type). Therefore, as to reaction, the blaze light is better than the other two.

目錄
考試合格證明
中文摘要
英文摘要
誌謝

第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與重要性 5
1.3研究範圍界定及限制 8
1.4研究架構與流程 10
第二章文獻探討 11
2.1汽車車燈相關研究 11
2.1.1國外相關研究： 11
1.訊號燈與警示燈 11
(1)大小、亮度及暴露的時間 11
(2)燈光顏色 11
(3)燈光閃爍眼睛的構造與功能 11
(4)訊號燈背景 12
(5)車燈安全性研究 12
2.1.2國內相關研究 13
1.訊號燈與警示燈發覺的能力 13
2.大小、亮度及暴露的時間 13
3.燈光顏色 13
2.2駕駛模擬系統之驗證 14
2.3視覺理論相關 14
2.3.1訊號偵測理論 14
2.3.2視覺感官 15
1.視覺刺激 15
2.視銳度 16
3.視距調結 16
4.視覺聚焦 16
第三章研究方法 17
3.1模擬攝影法 17
3.2警示訊號燈具選定 17
3.2.1燈具一.強光燈（main-beam） 17
3.2.2燈具二.方向燈（direction indicator/turn signal lamp） 17
3.2.3燈具三.危險警告燈（hazard warning lamp） 18
3.2.4燈具四.頭燈（head lamp） 18
3.3實驗參數之設定 18
3.3.1 車速 18
3.3.2 距離 18
3.3.3日夜 19
3.4影片內容設定 19
3.5第一部分實驗場景 20
3.5.1第一部分實驗場景攝影器材 20
3.5.2實驗場地 20
3.5.3實驗場景攝影步驟 20
3.5.4受測者反應秒數換算 20
3.6第二部分:受測者實驗部分 23
3.6.1實驗設備 23
3.6.2實驗場地 23
3.6.3.驗證場景的空間配置 24
3.7實驗設計 25
3.7.1實驗一.減速實驗 25
1.受測者 25
2.道路劇本描述 25
3.實驗程序 26
4.資料分析方法 26
3.7.2實驗二.車速實驗 26
1.道路劇本描述 26
3.7.3實驗三.距離實驗 27
1.道路劇本描述 27
3.7.4實驗四.日夜實驗 27
1.道路劇本描述 27
3.7.5實驗五.燈具實驗 28
1.道路劇本描述 28
第四章結果與討論 29
4.1前車燈對駕駛人反應距離的影響 29
4.2車速對駕駛人反應距離的影響 31
4.3距離對駕駛人反應距離的影響 32
4.4日夜對駕駛人反應距離的影響 34
4.5各類燈具對駕駛人反應距離的影響 37
第五章結論與建議 41
5.1結論 41
5.2建議 42

參考文獻 43
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