臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

分散式太陽能系統為了解決集中式在遮蔽狀況下的問題，在每一片太陽能電池輸出端接上一塊DC/DC Converter，再串並聯輸出，優點在於當某片太陽能電池故障時，不會影響到其他片，且各片都可以操作在最大功率點。星狀分散式系統不同於一般分散式的地方是以一個高階中央控制器負責所有計算工作，包括PI穩壓控制、MPPT運算及和資料蒐集。本研究則是星狀分散式系統的延伸，在架構上將運算工作分成兩個部分，一是加入微控制器負責PI穩壓控制的運算，另一個是由中央控制器負責MPPT的運算。本研究將針對多晶矽太陽能電池設計出一塊功率優化器（Power Optimizer），採用Buck結合Boost Converter，搭配自製的電壓、電流量測電路，並且擁有自給式的電源供應電路，不需要額外供電。
模擬方面將使用LabVIEW和Multisim兩套軟體，針對太陽能電池特性曲線、暫態反應以及穩態反應進行模擬。另外也有對分散式系統穩壓MPPT的模擬。
實驗方面先前是針對四片薄膜矽的太陽能電池進行星狀分散式實驗，而本次研究則是針對八片多晶矽太陽能電池進行星狀分散式實驗，將測試在長時間的運作下的發電情形，以及測試在不同遮蔭狀況下的發電情形。

Distributed photovoltaic system in order to solve the problems of the partial shadowing on concentrated photovoltaic system, setting up a DC/DC converter on each solar panel output terminal. In this system, when certain panel breakdown, other panels have no effect. Every panel also can operate at maximum power point. The Star-shaped distributed photovoltaic system has a high-level controller to do all work, including PI voltage regulator, MPPT operation and data collector. This study is the extension of star-shaped distributed photovoltaic system. The structure divides the operation work into two parts: one is PI voltage regulator by microcontroller; another one is MPPT operation by central controller. This study designs the power optimizer of polysilicon photovoltaic panel, which includes buck and boost converter, measurement circuit and self-sufficient power supply.
LabVIEW and Multisim are two software to simulate. To simulate the characteristic curve of solar cell, transient response, steady state response and distributed photovoltaic system of PI voltage regulator at MPPT mode.
Before using four thin-film photovoltaic panels to do experiment of star-shaped distributed photovoltaic system. This study uses eight polysilicon photovoltaic panels to do experiment of star-shaped distributed photovoltaic system on long duration and partial shadowing.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號表 XVI
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 研究方法 6
1.4 論文架構 7
第2章 太陽能發電系統介紹 8
2.1 太陽能電池特性介紹 8
2.1.1 太陽能電池等效電路 8
2.1.2 太陽能特性曲線 9
2.2 直流電壓轉換器原理 11
2.3 太陽能最大功率點追蹤演算法 15
2.3.1 電壓迴授法 16
2.3.2 擾動觀察法 16
2.3.3 二次式極值法 17
2.4 集中式太陽能發電系統 19
2.5 分散式太陽能發電系統 20
2.6 星狀分散式太陽能發電系統 22
第3章 率優化器設計 24
3.1 功率優化器電路設計 25
3.1.1 Buck 結合Boost 之電路設計 25
3.1.2 電源自給式供應電路設計 30
3.1.3 量測電路設計 31
3.2 功率優化器之周邊架構設計 34
3.2.1 中央控制器與微控制器架構 34
3.2.2 通訊架構 38
3.3 PI穩壓控制器設計 40
3.4 功率優化器實際測試結果 43
第4章 分散式太陽能系統穩壓與MPPT模擬 46
4.1 太陽能電池特性模擬 47
4.1.1 太陽能電池等效電路方程式簡化 47
4.1.2 太陽能電池參數量測 50
4.1.3 特性曲線模擬結果 52
4.1.4 太陽能電池暫態響應模擬 53
4.2 分散式太陽能系統的穩壓模擬 60
4.2.1 分散式太陽能系統的穩壓模擬架構 60
4.2.2 二片分散式太陽能系統的穩壓模擬結果 61
4.2.3 四片分散式太陽能系統的穩壓模擬結果 64
4.3 分散式太陽能系統穩壓加入MPPT模擬 66
4.3.1 分散式太陽能系統穩壓加入MPPT模擬架構 66
4.3.2 單片太陽能電池穩壓加入MPPT模擬結果 67
4.3.3 兩片分散式太陽能系統穩壓加入MPPT模擬結果 69
4.3.4 四片分散式太陽能系統穩壓加入MPPT模擬結果 71
第5章 星狀分散式太陽能發電系統之應用 75
5.1 太陽能實驗場介紹與實驗規劃 75
5.2 實驗結果 77
5.2.1 長時間操作的發電情形 77
5.2.2 部分遮蔽下的發電情形 81
第6章 結論與建議 91
6.1 結論 91
6.2 建議與未來展望 93
參考文獻 94

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