臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究比較中部大肚溪與南部東港溪之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎族群之外部形態差異。結果顯示，兩流域的族群能以色斑特徵上面予以區分，但計數形質極為近似。在生殖生態學研究上，以東港溪作生殖生態的研究樣區，分析生殖腺指數、肝指數、孕卵數與卵徑大小等，並暸解東港溪流域該魚種之產卵期、產卵型式及產卵次數等生殖生態模式。並以人工繁殖之方式紀錄胚胎、仔稚魚發育情形。此外描述仔稚魚色素斑之分布情形，以作為吻鰕虎仔稚魚分類鑑定之重要依據。本種之主要繁殖季，應為夏季的5月至8月及冬季12月至3月。卵巢發育為完全同時成熟型。卵為大卵型，卵巢內成熟卵徑為1.6±0.2 mm；孕卵數為36~112顆。孵化期為9-11天，剛孵化仔魚體長5.3±0.1 mm；另一批6.1±0.2 mm。仔魚無浮游期，卵黃囊於孵出四天左右吸收完畢，且可攝食活餌。鱗片於孵出14天後開始生長，孵出後28天鱗片發育大致完成。鰭條在孵出後均已發育但尚未完成，孵出後42天各軟條已明顯分節。孵出後63天第一背鰭有黑色斑塊出現，身體上開始有細小橘紅斑點出現。瞭解該魚種適應溪流棲地環境的優勢為：較大的卵徑以及較大型的孵化後仔稚魚，孵出後立即底棲，雖孕卵數偏低，但其仔稚魚有極高的存活率。

This morphological studies of Rhinogobius rubromaculatus are carried out from both populations of the Da-Du and Tung-kang river basins in Taiwan which have revealed that R. rubromaculatus from two basins can be distinguished by coloration pattern, not meristic features. In reproductive ecology, the Tungkang river basin has been choiced as the locality for study sites of R. rubromaculatus. The ontogenetic development of embryo and larvae fish can be observed by the stock of artificial propagation. It is rather useful for larval indentification of Rhinogobius species in future research. The main reproductive seasons are both from May to August in summer and December to March in winter. The development of ovary is synchronous. It belongs to a large-egg, flurvial species. Hatching duration is 9-11 days. The developmental process will be reported in the thesis. The advantage of this species adapting the fluvial environment is: large ripe egg-size as well as the large body-size of newly hatched larvae; settle down on the substrate immediately after hatching. Even the fecundity is very low and less than 120, but the survival rate is vary high by abundant nutrition from yolk.

摘要....................................................................................................................I
Abstract.............................................................................................................II
謝誌.................................................................................................................III
目錄..................................................................................................................V
圖表目錄.....................................................................…………………….VIII
壹、前言. ..........................................................................................................1
貳、材料與方法................................................................................................5
一、標本採集及處理..................................................................................5
（一）採集地點………………………………………………………..5
（二）採集方法………………………………………………………..5
（三）標本處理………………………………………………………..5
二、水文環境測定.......................................................................................5
（一）溪流寬度(wide)…………………………………………………6
（二）水深(depth)……………………………………………………..6
（三）流量(discharge)………………………………………………....6
（四）最高與最低水溫(maximum and minimum of temperature) …..6
三、研究方法...................................................................................................6
（一）外部形質測量.............................................................................6
（二）生殖生態學研究.........................................................................8
（三）魚類繁殖設計及飼育與魚卵之胚胎發育觀察.......................10
參、結果..........................................................................................................13
一、Rhinogobius rubromaculatus之分類描述........................................13
（一）檢視標本………………………………………………………13
（二）主要鑑別特徵(Diagnosis)…………………………………….13
（三）形態描述………………………………………………………13
二、Rhinogobius sp.之分類描述..............................................................15
（一）檢視標本………………………………………………………15
（二）主要鑑別特徵(Diagnosis)…………………………………….15
（三）形態描述………………………………………………………16
三、大肚溪流域與東港溪流域兩者之區別............................................17
（一）體型大小………………………………………………………17
（二）體色……………………………………………………………17
（三）體側橫斑………………………………………………………17
（四）色斑……………………………………………………………17
（五）第一背鰭斑塊…………………………………………………18
（六）第二背鰭斑塊…………………………………………………18
（七）尾鰭色斑………………………………………………………18
（八）鳍條數…………………………………………………………18
四、生殖生態............................................................................................19
（一）東港溪流域短吻紅斑吻鰕虎體長與體重. ..............................19
（二）東港溪流域的短吻紅斑吻鰕虎性別比例. ..............................21
（三）東港溪流域短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖線指數與肝指數...............21
（四）東港溪流域短吻紅斑吻鰕虎雌性卵巢的發育以及
卵徑與卵數.............................................................................26
五、吻紅斑吻鰕虎魚卵發育各階段描述...............................................27
（一）人工巢穴的設計測試結果.....................................................27
（二）胚胎發育.................................................................................28
（三）仔魚發育.................................................................................32
（四）稚魚發育………………………………………………….…35
（五）孵化後標準體長、頭長、胸鰭長以及尾鰭長的變化…….37
肆、討論.........................................................................................................38
一、短吻紅斑吻鰕虎的雌雄二型性.....................................................38
二、生殖隔離.........................................................................................38
三、生殖生態.........................................................................................39
（一）東港溪流域短吻紅斑吻鰕虎與台灣石魚賓 的生殖季……...39
（二）東港溪流域的短吻紅斑吻鰕虎與其他吻鰕虎繁殖期
的比較...................................................................................39
（三）肝指數與生殖季的關係........................…………………….40
（四）產卵類型.......................................…………………………..40
（五）交配系統.................................................................................41
（六）最適卵徑與最適孕卵數的選擇...........................................42
（七）短吻紅斑吻鰕虎卵徑與孕卵數與其他研究之比較
................................................................................................43
四、人工繁殖與自然繁殖....................................................................46
（一）最佳的催熟方式..................................................................46
（二）光照長短與水溫控制..........................................................47
五、短吻紅斑吻鰕虎之孵化期與胚胎發育與其他文獻資料之
比較...............................................................................................47
（一）孵化期.................................................................................47
（二）剛孵化仔魚體長.................................................................48
（三）卵黃囊吸收完畢的時間.....................................................49
（四）各鰭與鱗片之發育.............................................................49
六、東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎的生存策略...............................50
參考文獻.......................................................................................................51
作者簡介.......................................................................................................95

圖表目錄

圖1. 採集樣點圖..........................................................................................60
圖2. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎之棲地照、活體照、標本照照片集..........................61
圖3. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎體長與體重頻度長條圖.................62
圖4. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎雌雄魚體長與體重月變化
長條圖…………………………………………………………….....63
圖5. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎雌雄魚肥滿度月變化折線圖.........64
圖6. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎體長與體重關係圖.........................65
圖7. 生殖生態採樣雌魚平均體長與體重月變化長條圖.........................66
圖8. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎性比(雌/雄)月別變化折線圖……..67
圖9. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎各體長範圍內雌雄所佔百分比
長條圖.................................................................................................67
圖10. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數月別變化樣本點圖….68
圖11. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎肝指數月別變化折線圖.................68
圖12. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數、肝指數與雨量
月變化折線圖………….…………………………………………....69
圖13. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數、肝指數與流量
月變化折線圖..……………………………………………………...69
圖14. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數、肝指數與水位
月變化折線圖…….……………………………………….………...70
圖15. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數、肝指數與最高、
最低水溫月變化折線圖.....................................................................70
圖16. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺指數、肝指數與肥滿度
月變化折線圖.....................................................................................71
圖17. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎雌性各月份卵巢分期所佔比例
月變化長條圖（短吻紅斑吻鰕虎雌性生殖腺成熟期月變化）........71
圖18. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎孕卵數與卵徑的關係.................. ...72
圖19. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎卵徑與生殖腺指數的關係..............72
圖20. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎孕卵數與生殖腺指數的關係..........73
圖21. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺重與孕卵數的關係..............73
圖22. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎體長與孕卵數的關係......................74
圖23. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎體重與孕卵數的關係......................74
圖24. 東港溪流域之短吻紅斑吻鰕虎仔魚成長曲線圖..............................75
圖25. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎飼育情形照片.........................................................76
圖26. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎魚卵孵化各階段照片..............................................77
圖27. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎魚卵孵化各階段之手繪圖......................................78
圖28. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎與其他吻鰕虎魚種成熟卵徑比較圖……………..85
圖29. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎與其他吻鰕虎魚種產出魚卵長短徑比較圖……..85
表1. 大肚溪以及東港溪短吻紅斑吻鰕虎測量形質紀錄表......................86
表2. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎鰭條計數形質頻度統計紀錄表..............................87
表3. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎鱗片與脊椎骨數頻度統計紀錄表..........................88
表4. 東港溪短吻紅斑吻鰕虎性別比例分析表..........................................89
表5. 東港溪短吻紅斑吻鰕虎各體長範圍性別比例分析表......................90
表6. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎生殖腺成熟期各發育階段之外型分類表..............91
表7. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎魚卵各孵化分期之時間點與階段發育之
描述表.................................................................................................92
表8. 短吻紅斑吻鰕虎與其他吻鰕虎魚種早期生活史比較表.................94

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