臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

疣胸琉璃蟻 ( Dolichoderus thoracicus = D. bituberculatus ) 主要分布於東南亞地區，目前發現地區包括菲律賓、印尼、新加坡、馬來西亞、印度、緬甸、越南、寮國、中國華南及台灣等地均有其分布紀錄。疣胸琉璃蟻近年來入侵人類的生活環境中而造成各式危害，影響生活品質。然而因為不同螞蟻的食性與取食偏好不逕相同，因此若要有效防治特定害蟲螞蟻，是須對不同螞蟻設計不同餌劑，包括劑型、誘引配方、藥劑種類、施放方式與時期等。本研究於實驗室內進行探討疣胸琉璃蟻的食性偏好及不同濃度、成份的餌劑的效力評估，進而設計出更具吸引力的餌劑，並提供防治田間疣胸琉璃蟻族群的參考策略。三種醣類 (蔗糖、果糖、麥芽糖，其濃度分別為10% 及20% ) 液體餌劑的取食偏好試驗，結果顯示：蔗糖>麥芽糖=果糖。螞蟻取食的誘引物(胺基酸)測試，發現5% 的氨基酸對疣胸琉璃蟻具有吸引力，但會隨著取食的時間而改變。毒物試驗：分別以3% 硼酸和3% 硼砂搭配誘引配方製成餌劑，評估餌劑對疣胸琉璃蟻族群的防治效果。結果顯示3% 硼酸處理在第五天，使疣胸琉璃蟻族群達到半數致死量；而3% 硼砂處理在一至兩天，使疣胸琉璃蟻族群達到半數致死量，並在處理的第五天後，使疣胸琉璃蟻族群達到100% 的防治效果。最後建議針對防治疣胸琉璃蟻的餌劑，最佳配方為 20% 蔗糖溶液、 5% 胺基酸、 0.3% 苯甲酸、 3% 硼砂。

Dolichoderus thoracicus ( = D. bituberculatus ) is mainly distributed throughout Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Southern China, and Taiwan. Dolichoderus thoracicus has gradually invaded human habitats, caused all kinds of harm, and affected the quality of life in recent years. However, diversities of the food habits and food preferences of ants makes it difficultly control all kinds of ants with single bait. The design of the protocol is specific bait for a specific pest ants, based on its unique food preference. Three kinds of carbohydrates ( sucrose, fructose, maltose ) was tested in liquid formulations. In food preference test, we found sucrose is preference than maltose and fructose. In attractant composition ( amino acid ) test, we found 5% amino acid was attractive Dolichoderus thoracicus, but will vary with feeding time. In toxicology test, we used 3% boric acid and 3% borax formula made with bait, and evaluated the effect of liquid baits on colonies control of Dolichoderus thoracicus. The results showed that 3% boric acid treatment, 50% mortality of Dolichoderus thoracicus was reached at the end of the fifth day. In 3% borax treatment, 50% mortality of Dolichoderus thoracicus was reached within one to two days, and 100% mortality was reached at the end of the fifth day. Final recommendations for the control bait of Dolichoderus thoracicus, the best formula is 20% sucrose solution, 5% amino acid, 0.3% Benzoic acid, 3% borax.

目錄
致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iv
圖目錄 vii
壹、前言 1
貳、往昔研究 6
一、害蟲螞蟻的餌劑防治研究 6
二、害蟲螞蟻的取食偏好研究 7
參、材料與方法 9
一、建立供試螞蟻族群及飼養 9
二、疣胸琉璃蟻的取食偏好試驗 12
三、液體餌站裝置之設計 12
四、供試物質種類及濃度 15
五、毒物成分 16
六、統計及分析 17
肆、結果 18
一、不同醣類的取食偏好 18
二、誘引物的取食偏好 26
三、防腐劑的添加 30
四、不同毒物的致死效果 32
伍、討論 33
一、不同醣類的取食偏好 33
二、誘引物的取食偏好 35
三、防腐劑的添加 36
四、不同毒物的致死效果 37
陸、結論 40
柒、參考文獻 41

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