臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自我概念與個體的心理狀態息息相關，因此經常被視為心理健康的重要因素。目前已許多研究支持心理諮商對於自我概念的療效，但聚焦於轉變歷程的相關研究鮮少，且國內現有的少數相關研究又以短期諮商取向為焦點。因此，本研究之目的在於探究長期諮商協助自我概念轉變之歷程

本研究以心理師觀點出發，透過質性研究方法，針對六位以長期諮商作為認同取向之資深心理師，藉由一對一的方式，分別進行一次深度訪談。訪談內容聚焦於探究長期諮商提升自我概念的協助，期待能瞭解自我概念於長期諮商前後的轉變，探究自我概念於長期諮商的轉變歷程，發現心理師協助個案提升自我概念之有效作法，並且歸納影響長期諮商的重要因素。本研究之發現如下：

一、自我概念的轉變
自我概念在長期諮商前後的轉變，包含自我概念由模糊轉為清晰，自我知覺由受限逐漸擴大，自我評價由批評到接納，自我控制感由匱乏逐漸增加。

二、自我概念的轉變歷程
自我概念的轉變歷程分為三階段：個案試圖從諮商關係中找到內在渴望價值，個案難以下定決心進入改變期，個案的自我概念透過諮商關係慢慢提升。其中階段間轉換的
關鍵在於：情感轉移的現象為自我概念轉變的重要前提，自我概念透過個案的嘗試鬆動，自我概念藉由矯正性經驗累積提升。

三、心理師協助提升自我概念的作法
心理師協助個案提升自我概念的做法為：營造矯正性經驗使自我概念逐漸清晰，反映對個案的瞭解而擴大個案對自己的知覺，從心理師的理解與接納協助個案接納自己，鼓勵個案表達自己以增加自我控制感。

四、自我概念提升的關鍵與阻礙
自我概念提升的關鍵在於：個案對改變的強烈渴望與決心、心理師的專業知能與穩定狀態、改變過程的正向人際經驗、長期諮商充裕的處遇時間。而提升的阻礙為：個案缺乏改變的企圖心與投入，心理師知能的限制與不穩定狀態、改變過程中的痛苦與挫折、長期諮商受外力阻撓中斷。

For the influence of personal mental health, self-concept is commonly seen as an important part in one’s mental state. There were many studies that supported the effects of psychotherapy in improving the self-concept. However, these studies rarely focused on the psychotherapy process in improving the self-concept. In Taiwan, there are a few articles that mentioned the self-concept in short-term psychotherapy approach, but the article about the self-concept in long-term psychotherapy is almost non-existent. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to explore the process of improving the self-concept by the long-term psychotherapy.

The study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from six psychotherapists who primarily conducted long-term psychotherapy in practice. The researcher individually and in-depth interviewed the psychologists. The interviews lasted for about one and a half hour. The contents of the interviews focused on the change of self-concept, the process of changing the self-concept, the effective interventions of psychotherapist in improving the self-concept, and the key factor and obstacle of improving the self-concept. The main findings of this study were as follows:

1.The change of self-concept includes: The self-concept changes form vague to clear. The self perception changes from limited to extended. The self value changes from self-criticism to self-satisfaction. The psychological control of self changes from incapable to dominated.

2.The process of changing in self-concept includes three states. First, the client was desired to find out the self-value during the counseling relationship. Second, the client hesitated about whether trying or not to continue the counseling. Third, the self-concept was improved through the process of counseling relationship. The key factors of the changes in mental states include three parts. First, transference is the basic phenomenon for the change of the self-concept. Second, the client tried to loosen the self-concept by his will. Last, the self-concept improved through the corrective experiences.

3.The effective interventions of psychotherapist in improving the self-concept include: constructing the corrective experience to enable the self-concept being clear than before, reflecting the understanding of the client to expand the self-perception, helping the client to accept himself by the genuine acceptance of counselor, and encouraging the client to express his feelings to promote the psychological control of self.

4.The key factors of improving the self-concept include: the strong desire and determination to change, the professional skill and stable status of the counselor, the positive interpersonal experience during the counseling process, and the sufficient time to intervene. The obstacles of improving the self-concept include: lacking of the desire and determination to change, the limited skill and instable status of the psychotherapist, the painful and frustrating experience during the counseling process, and the interruption of the external factors.

第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機 5
第二節 研究目的與問題 8
第三節 名詞釋義 10

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 長期諮商 11
第二節 自我概念 22
第三節 長期諮商對自我概念的影響 37

第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究取向與設計 42
第二節 研究參與者 43
第三節 研究工具 47
第四節 研究程序 48
第五節 資料處理與分析 50
第六節 資料嚴謹性 53
第七節 研究倫理 57

第四章 研究結果
第一節 自我概念的轉變 58
第二節 自我概念的轉變歷程 66
第三節 心理師協助個案提升自我概念的做法 73
第四節 自我概念提升的關鍵與阻礙 81

第五章 研究討論
第一節 自我概念的轉變 91
第二節 自我概念的轉變歷程 95
第三節 心理師協助個案提升自我概念的做法 99
第四節 自我概念提升的關鍵與阻礙 104

第六章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論 112
第二節 研究限制 115
第三節 研究貢獻 116
第四節 研究建議 118

參考文獻 120

附錄
附錄一 訪談大綱 134
附錄二 研究邀請函 135
附錄三 受訪同意書 136
附錄四 檢核回饋表 137
英文摘要 138

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