臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

強塑劑被普遍用來改善混凝土的性能，也因添加不同性質的強塑劑，而得不同的工作特性，合適的添加也能增加施作的品質及效率。目前市售強塑劑大多為聚羧酸系，其製程上也多以高溫聚合，其次常溫合成也需加溫，不僅可能造成能源的耗用，也可能造成環境的影響，合成方法也多以滴加方法進行，程序複雜且合成時間需嚴密控管，於建廠時可能需投入更多精密設備；聚羧酸系強塑劑在使用上雖比傳統萘磺酸系強塑劑效果佳，但其對水及水泥之敏感度高，可能造成混凝土新拌階段工作性不良，或在未運送到工地時就失去了工作性。
本研究自行研發助劑形式強塑劑，製備以常溫不加溫方式合成，以分子設計方法為基礎，配置緩釋型及保坍型聚羧酸強塑劑配方，並利用原料作用機制控制其製備方法，分為滴加法及一次性投料法。在強塑劑分別合成後參照規範標準進行基礎性質試驗及測試其水泥基漿體坍流度、坍流度保持性、檢核反應溫度曲線之變化。試驗以7種不同水泥2種不同強塑劑(緩釋型及保坍型)進行強塑劑之飽和添加量測試，並以飽和添加量測試結果進行水泥基漿體之坍流度及坍流度保持性；再藉緩釋型強塑劑及保坍型強塑劑之混用並添加緩凝劑，以單格子點法進行最佳組合之試驗，且試驗其對效果較好及效果較差之水泥進行水泥基砂漿之用水比率、強度比率、坍流度及坍流度保持性試驗，確保其之效益；最後與效果較差之市售強塑劑進行相容性驗證試驗，找出本研究所開發之緩釋保坍型聚羧酸強塑劑與市售強塑劑之最佳組合改善方案。
試驗結果經由分析得出，本研究使用常溫不加溫方式，並以滴加法及一次投料法成功合成緩釋型及保坍型聚羧酸強塑劑；以7種水泥試驗緩釋型強塑劑60分鐘飽和添加量在0.66~1.05%間，保坍型強塑劑飽和添加量在0.56~1.33%間；緩釋型及保坍型強塑劑雖然效果沒有非常優異，但確實能對少數水泥基漿體達到緩慢釋放及保持坍流度之效果；複合型強塑劑為緩釋型強塑劑及保坍型強塑劑兩者混合使用，並加入緩凝劑調配，最佳比例為SR：ER：SG=0.8：0.2：0.1=SEG；複合型強塑劑水泥砂漿抗壓強度比3天在122~166%間，7天在106~149%間，28天在90.7~147%間，複合型強塑劑水泥基砂漿坍流度測試結果效果不顯著，但120分鐘時皆還有坍流度；相容性應用驗證試驗之水泥漿坍流度試驗，添加複合型強塑劑改善了市售性能較差兩種水泥之工作性。本研究所開發之複合添加式聚羧酸強塑劑，確實能增加性能較差強塑劑之坍流度及坍流度保持性，改善性能較差之強塑劑。

Superplasticizers are commonly used to improve the performance of concrete. They also have different working characteristics due to the addition of different superplasticizers. Appropriate addition can also increase the quality and efficiency of application. At present, most of the commercially available superplasticizers are poly-carboxylate systems, and the process is also high temperature synthesis, secondly, the room temperature synthesis needs to be heated, which may not only cause energy consumption, but also may cause environmental impact. The titration method is carried out, the procedure is complicated and the synthesis time needs to be strictly controlled, and more precision equipment may need to be invested in the construction of the plant. The poly-carboxylate superplasticizer is better than the traditional naphthalene-sulfonic acid superplasticizer in use. However, its high sensitivity to water and cement may result in poor workability in the concrete mixing stage or loss of workability when not delivered to the construction site.
In this study, the self-developed auxiliary form of superplasticizer was prepared, and the preparation was carried out at room temperature without heating. Based on the molecular design method, the formula of extended-release and slump-retaining poly-carboxylate superplasticizer was formulated, and the mechanism of raw material was used to control it. The preparation method is divided into titration method and disposal-input method. After the synthetic superplasticizers were separately synthesized, the basic properties were tested with reference to the normative standards and the changes of the cement slump flow and slump flow retention, and check reaction temperature curves were tested. The test carried out the saturation addition test of the superplasticizers with 7 different cements and 2 different kinds of superplasticizers (extended-release and slump-retaining), and the slump flow and slump flow retention of the cement-based slurry were tested by the saturated addition test results. Further by the combination of extended-release and slump-retaining superplasticizer and adding retarder, the best combination test is carried out by simplex-lattice design, and the test is better and the effect is poor. The cement is used to test the water ratio, strength ratio, slump flow and slump flow retention of the cement-based mortar to ensure its benefits. Finally, the compatibility verification test is carried out with the commercially available superplasticizer with poor effect to find out the research. The best combination improvement scheme for the development of the extended-release and slump-retaining poly-carboxylate superplasticizer and the commercially available superplasticizer.
The test results were obtained through analysis, the study used the room temperature and no heating method, and successfully synthesized the extended-release and slump-retaining poly-carboxylate superplasticizer by the divided into titration method and disposal-input method, the extended-release superplasticizer was tested with 7 kinds of cement, the saturated addition amount of the agent in 60 minutes is between 0.66 and 1.05%, and the saturated addition amount of the slump-retaining superplasticizer is between 0.56 and 1.33%. Although the effect of the extended-release and slump-retaining superplasticizers is not excellent, it can indeed be used for a few. The cement-based slurry achieves the effects of extended-release and slump-retaining. The SEG superplasticizer is a mixture of extended-release and slump-retaining superplasticizer, and is added with a retarder, and the optimum ratio is SR: ER: SG=0.8:0.2:0.1=SEG. The compressive strength of composite type plasticizer cement mortar is between 122~166% in 3 days, 106~149% in 7 days, and 90.7~147% in 28 days. The results of the slump flow test of the SEG superplasticizer cement-based mortar are not significant, but there are slump flow at 120 minutes. The grouting test of the cement slump flow for the compatibility application verification test, adding the SEG Improved the workability of the two types of cement with poor commercial performance. The compound-added poly-carboxylate superplasticizer developed by the research institute can increase the slump flow and slump flow retention of the poorer superplasticizers and improve the poor performance of the superplasticizers.

摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 2
1-2.1研究動機 2
1-2.2研究目的 2
1-3 研究方法與流程 3
1-4 用語及定義 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2-1 水泥 7
2-1.1 水泥製程與組成特性 7
2-1.2 水泥水化反應機制 8
2-2 強塑劑 12
2-2.1 強塑劑之種類與特性 12
2-2.2 強塑劑作用機制 16
2-3 聚羧酸強塑劑之製備 19
2-3.1 自由基聚合物 19
2-3.2 自由基聚合反應機制 20
2-3.2 聚羧酸強塑劑的製備近年研究 21
2-4 水泥與強塑劑相容性 22
2-5 文獻回顧小結 22
第三章 實驗設計與方法 23
3-1 實驗變數與實驗規劃 23
3-1.1 實驗變數 23
3-1.2 實驗規劃 23
3-2 試驗材料與配比 24
3-2.1 組成材料與基礎性質 24
3-2.2 強塑劑合成程序 30
3-3 試驗儀器與設備 31
3-3.1 合成反應設備 31
3-3.2 電子秤 32
3-3.3 溫度數據擷取器 33
3-3.4 pH酸鹼度計 34
3-3.5 循環烘箱 34
3-3.6 水泥砂漿攪拌機 35
3-3.7 水泥漿坍流度試驗模具 36
3-3.8 水泥砂漿坍流度試驗模具 36
3-3.9 水硬性水泥試驗用之流動性台 37
3-3.10抗壓試驗機 37
3-3.11比重計 38
3-4 試驗方法與步驟 38
3-4.1 強塑劑pH值量測 38
3-4.2 強塑劑固成份含量測定 39
3-4.3 水泥漿坍流度試驗 39
3-4.4 水泥砂漿坍流度試驗 40
3-4.5 水泥砂漿抗壓強度試驗 41
3-4.6 強塑劑比重試驗 42
第四章 結果分析與討論 43
4-1 聚羧酸強塑劑合成結果 43
4-1.1 合成反應溫度 43
4-1.2 水泥漿坍流度試驗 46
4-1.3 基本性質試驗 48
4-2 強塑劑對水泥基漿體之影響 48
4-2.1 飽和添加量試驗 48
4-2.2 水泥漿坍流度試驗 56
4-2.3 水泥漿膠結材坍流度試驗 59
4-2.4 複合型強塑劑最佳組合 64
4-3 複合型強塑劑對水泥基砂漿之影響 67
4-3.1 抗壓強度 67
4-3.2 坍流度 71
4-4 相容性應用驗證試驗 75
4-4.1 市售強塑劑對坍流度之影響 75
4-4.2 市售強塑劑對相容性影響之改善對策 77
第五章 結論與建議 79
5-1 結論 79
5-2 建議 80
參考文獻 81
照片附錄 85
附錄一、口試委員審查意見與說明對照表 109
附錄二、作者簡介 110

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