臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本論文完成水平軸風力機系統性能之研究，主要目的在探討不同風速及攻角
下、葉片長寬比及輪鼓尺寸對其機械能源、電力能源、轉子轉換效率、發電機
轉換效率及總轉換效率之影響。首先，以鍍鋅鐵薄片設計出不同長寬比的葉片。
接著，將葉片連接在不同尺寸的輪鼓並將其轉子結合於發電機上。再者，架設
該風力機於風洞測試系統中，使用風速計、轉速計、扭力傳輸器及電量計量取
風速、轉速、扭矩及發電量以獲得水平軸風力機系統性能之數據。最後，使用
STAR CCM+模擬軟體分析葉片表面壓力、速度及流線，以了解動態現象之成因。
研究結果發現，在一般情形下，機械能源、電力能源、轉子轉換效率、發電
機轉換效率及總轉換效率在不同風速及攻角下皆隨葉片長寬比及輪鼓尺寸減小
而增加。然而隨著輪鼓尺寸持續減小，以上性能參數則增加至極大值後下降。

Abstract
This thesis conducts a study on the performance of a horizontal-axis wind turbine
system. The main purpose is to investigate the influences of blade aspect ratio and
hub-swept size ratio on its mechanical energy, electrical energy, rotor conversion
efficiency, generator conversion efficiency, and total conversion efficiency for
different wind speeds and attack angles. Frist, we design flake-type galvanized-iron
blades with different aspect ratios. Second, we connect the blades to the hubs with
different sizes and combine the rotor to the generator. Third, we set up the wind
turbine in the wind tunnel test system and then measure the wind speed, rotational
speed, torque, and power generation by using an anemometer, a tachometer, a torque
transducer, and an electricity meter, so as to obtain the horizontal-axis wind turbine
system performance data. Finally, we use STAR CCM+ for simulation to analyze the
blade surface pressure, velocities, and streamlines, so as to realize the cause of
dynamic phenomena.
Results reveal that all the mechanical energy, electrical energy, rotor conversion
efficiency, generator conversion efficiency, and total conversion efficiency in general
increase with the decreases in the blade aspect ratio and the hub size for different
wind speeds and attack angles. However, when the hub size decreases further, these
performance parameters would increase to their maxima and then decrease.

目錄
中文摘要 ....................................................................................................................I
Abstract..................................................................................................................... II
誌謝 ......................................................................................................................... III
目錄 .........................................................................................................................IV
表目錄 .....................................................................................................................VI
圖目錄 ....................................................................................................................VII
符號說明 ..................................................................................................................X
第一章 緒論.......................................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究背景............................................................................................... 1
1-2 研究動機............................................................................................... 4
1-3 論文結構............................................................................................... 4
第二章 研究方法................................................................................................... 5
2-1 數學公式............................................................................................... 5
2-2 數值模擬............................................................................................... 7
2-3 實驗設置............................................................................................... 9
2-4 實驗量測............................................................................................. 16
第三章結果與討論............................................................................................. 21
3-1 葉片長寬比效應 ................................................................................. 21
3-2 輪鼓尺寸效應..................................................................................... 29
3-3 系統性能模擬分析 ............................................................................. 37
第四章總結 ........................................................................................................ 45
4-1 結論..................................................................................................... 45
4-2 展望..................................................................................................... 46
V
參考文獻................................................................................................................. 47
附錄A Betz極限.................................................................................................... 48
附錄B 風機設備................................................................................................... 50
自述 ......................................................................................................................... 51
個人著作 ................................................................................................................. 52
VI
表目錄
表 3-1.1 風力機性能在γ = 0.16及κ =10之實驗結果........................................ 23
表 3-1.2 風力機性能在γ = 0.16及κ = 6之實驗結果......................................... 23
表 3-1.3 風力機性能在γ = 0.16及κ = 2之實驗結果......................................... 23
表 3-2.1 風力機性能在γ = 0.20及κ = 2之實驗結果......................................... 31
表 3-2.2 風力機性能在γ = 0.16及κ = 2之實驗結果......................................... 31
表 3-2.3 風力機性能在γ = 0.12及κ = 2之實驗結果......................................... 31
表 3-3.1 風力機性能在κ = 2之實驗數據與模擬結果........................................ 38
表 3-3.2 風力機性能在κ = 6之實驗數據與模擬結果........................................ 38
表 3-3.3 風力機性能在κ =10之實驗數據與模擬結果...................................... 38
VII
圖目錄
圖 2-2.1 均勻流經移動葉片示意圖....................................................................... 8
圖 2-3.1 葉片外型及幾何之示意圖..................................................................... 11
圖 2-3.2 風洞測試系統之設置圖 ......................................................................... 11
圖 2-3.3 蜂巢式整流段......................................................................................... 12
圖 2-3.4 漸縮段 .................................................................................................... 12
圖 2-3.5 測試段 .................................................................................................... 13
圖 2-3.6 驅動段 .................................................................................................... 13
圖 2-3.7 交流馬達變頻器..................................................................................... 14
圖 2-3.8 永磁盤式發電機..................................................................................... 14
圖 2-3.9 動態扭力傳輸器..................................................................................... 15
圖 2-3.10 電子電路分佈圖..................................................................................... 15
圖 2-4.1 熱線式風速計......................................................................................... 18
圖 2-4.2 轉速計 .................................................................................................... 18
圖 2-4.3 動態扭力顯示器..................................................................................... 19
圖 2-4.4 動態扭力分析軟體................................................................................. 19
圖 2-4.5 交直流電量計......................................................................................... 20
圖 2-4.6 電力品質分析儀..................................................................................... 20
圖 3-1.1 機械能源es與風速u∞在γ = 0.16之變化關係。(a) κ =10、(b) κ = 6、
(c) κ = 2 ............................................................................................. 24
圖 3-1.2 電力能源 g e 與風速∞ u 在γ = 0.16之變化關係。(a) κ =10、(b) κ = 6、
(c) κ = 2 ............................................................................................. 25
圖 3-1.3 轉子轉換效率 s η 與尖端速度比λ在γ = 0.16之變化關係。(a) κ =10、(b)
κ = 6、(c) κ = 2 ................................................................................ 26
VIII
圖 3-1.4 發電機轉換效率ηg與尖端速度比λ在γ = 0.16之實驗變化關係。(a)
κ =10、(b) κ = 6、(c) κ = 2 .......................................................... 27
圖 3-1.5 總轉換效率 total η 與尖端速度比λ在γ = 0.16之變化關係。(a) κ =10、(b)
κ = 6、(c) κ = 2 ................................................................................ 28
圖 3-2.1 機械能源 s e 與風速∞ u 在κ = 2之變化關係。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、
(c) γ = 0.12 ......................................................................................... 32
圖 3-2.2 電力能源 g e 與風速∞ u 在κ = 2之變化關係。(a) γ = 0.20、(b)
γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12 ....................................................................... 33
圖 3-2.3 轉子轉換效率 s η 與尖端速度比λ在κ = 2之變化關係。(a) γ = 0.20、(b)
γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12 ....................................................................... 34
圖 3-2.4 發電機轉換效率 g η 與尖端速度比λ在κ = 2之實驗變化關係。(a)
γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12 .............................................. 35
圖 3-2.5 總轉換效率 total η 與尖端速度比λ在κ = 2之變化關係。(a) γ = 0.20、(b)
γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12 ....................................................................... 36
圖 3-3.1 κ = 10葉片壓力分佈及速度向量圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c)
γ = 0.12 ............................................................................................... 39
圖 3-3.2 κ = 6葉片壓力分佈及速度向量圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c)
γ = 0.12 ............................................................................................... 40
圖 3-3.3 κ = 2葉片壓力分佈及速度向量圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c)
γ = 0.12 ............................................................................................... 41
圖 3-3.4 κ = 10流場及葉片壓力分佈圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c)
γ = 0.12 ............................................................................................... 42
圖 3-3.5 κ = 6流場及葉片壓力分佈圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12
............................................................................................................. 43
圖 3-3.6 κ = 2流場及葉片壓力分佈圖。(a) γ = 0.20、(b) γ = 0.16、(c) γ = 0.12
............................................................................................................. 44
IX
圖 A-1 Betz 極限................................................................................................ 49
圖 B-1 輪鼓實圖................................................................................................. 50
圖 B-2 水平校正................................................................................................. 50
圖 B-3 角度設定................................................................................................. 50

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