臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一應用於GPS系統之整合式微型化晶片天線與低雜訊放大器。此微型化晶片天線使用多重曲折繞線構成輻射體，並使用射出成型封裝技術將LCP與晶片天線進行封裝。相較於傳統的陶瓷patch天線，此天線具有小尺寸及低成本等優點。此微型化晶片天線僅有10×8×1.0 mm3之尺寸相當適合內建於GPS接收器等行動裝置。
本論文另一部分提出一新型的人造合成傳輸線，並使用此傳輸線設計應用於RFID的微型化耦合器、功率分配器及4乘4的Butler Matrix。此平面式人造合成傳輸線使用近集總微帶元件及其之間不連續效應所設計而成，此結構可以合成各種不同特徵阻抗及電器長度之傳輸線。另一方面，使用此新型傳輸線設計之的低通濾波器亦被實現於本論文中，此低通濾波器使用近集總微帶元件及其之間不連續效應達到電路微型化之設計。為了增加濾波器之頻率選擇度及止帶之頻寬，其成功地設計出四個衰減極點以達到電路之需求。此低通濾波器的電路面積僅有0.15 0.08 ，其中 為濾波器於3-dB截止頻率之導波波長。
同樣地，設計於 UHF頻段之RFID的900方向耦合器及1800方向耦合器，其僅有分別0.12 0.13 及 0.10 0.16 的面積，即相較於傳統型式的設計分別減少了73% 及 91%的電路面積。本論文所提出之耦合器實驗及模擬之結果相當符合並具有良好的諧波抑制效果，其可抑制高達16倍頻以上之諧波。應用於RFID的Wilkinson功率分配器亦同時在本論文中討論，其所佔之電路面積為0.065 0.109 。為了使功率分配器之二次諧波濾去，本設計使用額外的並聯短路殘枝以達到電路所需之要求。同時，本論文使用一種簡單的方法控制RFID讀取器之讀取範圍。此方法使用本論文提出之1800方向耦合器及相位陣列天線產生合-及差-的天線場型來控制RFID讀取器之讀取範圍並同時達到縮小化之設計。同時，一應用於UHF RFID 頻段之4乘4 Butler Matrix亦成功地設計於本論文中並同時進行微型化之設計。此4乘4的Butler Matrix的電路面積僅有99 mm 108 mm即0.49 0.54 。本論文提出之Butler Matrix具有良好的相位控制及接近於相同的功率分配及微小化的尺寸，其相當適合於各種RFID之應用。為驗證此Butler matrix之相位陣列天線讀取器之效果，本論文進行讀取範圍及穿透力的實驗。經由實驗結果證明，此相位陣列天線讀取器相較於與用單一天線讀取器在讀取範圍及穿透力分別具有20.5 %及72.5 %的增強效果。
此外，為了驗證此人工合成傳輸線於較高頻段的微型化能力。本論文亦提出設計於5-GHz WLNA頻段的微帶線至共平面帶線的轉接，其具有微型化、低介入損失及78.6 %的3-dB介入損失頻寬。

A planar chip antenna integrated with a low noise amplifier for GPS applications at 1.575 GHz is presented in this thesis. This chip antenna comprises a radiating structure of multiple meandered conducting strips packed with an LCP dielectric composite material to achieve size, performance characteristics and cost effectiveness superior to conventional GPS ceramic patch antennas. The 10×8×1.0 mm3 compact surface-mount chip antenna is suitable built in a GPS receiver operating at 1.575 GHz.
A miniaturized branch-line coupler, a rat-race coupler, two Wilkinson power dividers, and a 4 by 4 Butler matrix based on a newly proposed planar artificial transmission line (ATL) are presented in this thesis. This planar artificial transmission line is composed of microstrip quasi-lumped elements and their discontinuities, and is capable of synthesizing microstrip lines with various characteristic impedances and electrical lengths. On the other hand, a new quasi-lumped low-pass filter using the proposed artificial transmission line has been demonstrated in this thesis. This low-pass filter uses quasi-lumped elements and their associated discontinuous effects to realize a compact design. To improve the frequency selectivity as well as stopband rejection bandwidth, four attention poles have been successfully introduced and well explained. The proposed low-pass filter features compact size, sharp cutoff response, and wide stopband rejection. The dimensions of this low-pass filter are reported to be as small as 0.15 �鈦×0.08 �鈦 at the 3-dB cutoff frequency, 2 GHz.
At the center frequency of UHF RFID band, the occupied sizes of the proposed quadrature hybrid and rat-race coupler are merely 0.12 0.13 and 0.10 0.16 , respectively, which correspond to size reductions of 73% and 91% as compared to those of the conventional designs. The measurement results reveal excellent agreement with the simulation ones, and the wideband responses further demonstrate that the proposed hybrids are well-behaved with no spurious harmonics up to two octaves. Meanwhile, at the center frequency of the UHF RFID system, the occupied size of the proposed miniaturized Wilkinson power divider is merely 13.4 mm 22.4 mm, or equivalently 0.065 0.109 . By utilizing the harmonic suppression nature of the artificial transmission line and two additional short-circuited stubs, this miniaturized divider also exhibits harmonic suppression characteristics over nearly a decade bandwidth. Additionally, a simple method that can allow better control of the interrogation region of the RFID reader by using the antenna array with difference and sum beam patterns has been proposed and demonstrated in this thesis. This structure is capable of well controlling the interrogation region of the reader, and to achieve the compact design replace the proposed design with the conventional rat-race coupler. Furthermore, a miniaturized Butler matrix with a compact circuit size of 0.49 0.54 has also been realized. The miniaturized Butler matrix features good phase control, nearly equal power splitting and moderate insertion loss, and is suitable for beam-switch antenna arrays in some UHF RFID applications. The experimental results reveal that the proposed Butler-matrix-based switch-beam phase array demonstrates a 20.5 % and 72.5 % enhancement in the readable range and penetrating ability, respectively, as compared to those of a single antenna element.
In addition, to demonstrate the capability of miniaturization at higher frequency range, in this thesis a microstrip-to-CPS transition is designed at the 5-GHz WLAN band by utilizing the proposed artificial transmission line. The proposed transition features compact size, low insertion loss, and wide 3-dB insertion loss bandwidth of 78.6%. The design methodology, simulated and experimental results are discussed throughout the thesis.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
致謝 VI
TABLE OF TONCENTS VII
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION 1
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 2
CHAPTER 2 A MINIATURIZED GPS PLANAR CHIP ANTENNA INTEGRATED WITH LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER 4
2.1 INTRODUCTION 4
2.2 DESIGN OF THE GPS MINIATURIZED CHIP ANTENNA 5
2.3 A CHIP ANTENNA INTEGRATED WITH LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER 7
2.4 SUMMARY 8
CHAPTER 3 THE INVESTIGATION OF A NEW ARTIFICIAL TRANSMISSION LINE…………............. 19
3.1 INTRODUCTION 19
3.2 DESIGN CONCEPTS AND THE ARTIFICIAL TRANSMISSION LINE 21
3.3 THE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS 24
3.4 ARTIFICIAL TRANSMISSION LINE AS A LOW-PASS FILTER 28
3.5 SUMMARY 31
CHAPTER 4 MINIATURIZED HYBRIDS, WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER AND MICROSTRIP-TO-CPS TRANSITION 42
4.1 INTRODUCTION 42
4.2 THE MINIATURIZED QUADRATURE HYBRID 44
4.3 THE MINIATURIZED RAT-RACE HYBRID 46
4.4 THE MINIATURIZED WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER WITH SECOND HARMONIC SUPPRESSION CHARACTERISTICS 48
4.5 THE MICROSTRIP-TO-CPS TRANSITION 50
4.6 SUMMARY 53
CHAPTER 5 PHASE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RFID APPLICATIONS 67
5.1 INTRODUCTION 67
5.2 INTERROGATION REGION CONTROL OF A RFID READER 68
5.3 MINIATURIZED BUTLER MATRIX FOR RFID APPLICATION 70
5.4 SUMMARY 73
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 82
REFERENCES 85

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