臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物的空中機動性可分為四種：拍翅飛行、典型滑翔、定向空中降落及掉落，定向空中降落是指無翅的節肢動物從高處掉落後能夠快速進行空中校正，使腹面持續朝下並控制降落方向（如：蜘蛛、樹棲石蛃）。往昔研究發現，樹棲的無翅節肢動物能展現良好的定向空中降落能力，其中，樹冠層的滑翔蟻在枝條活動時，易受到風、鳥或是其他捕食者的影響，而從高處掉落以躲避威脅，在短時間內利用附肢的擺動操縱空氣動力平衡及校正降落姿勢，增加以腹部著陸在原樹幹的成功率。研究目的為觀察臺灣不同棲地的螞蟻工蟻之空中機動性。將螞蟻從風洞正上方丟落，以高速攝影機記錄螞蟻掉落過程。結果發現，樹棲型螞蟻在掉落時會快速將身體校正並與空氣動力學達到平衡，且校正姿勢有兩種，地棲型螞蟻則無空中校正能力；樹棲型螞蟻有較高的機率向水平移動，並可以利用後足附著於管壁上，而地棲型螞蟻偏向垂直掉落。透過本研究得知臺灣樹棲型的螞蟻具有較好的空中機動力，並了解螞蟻在野外的行為表現。

There are four types of aerial manoeuvrability for creatures: flapping flight, classical gliding, directed aerial descent and parachuting. Directed aerial descent refers to the locomotion of wingless arthropods to quickly perform aerial righting after falling, keeping the ventral surface downward and controlling the direction of landing (e.g., spiders and arboreal bristletails). Previous studies have found that arboreal wingless arthropods can exhibit good directed aerial descent abilities. Among them, the canopy gliding ants are vulnerable to wind, birds, or other predators when they are active. They fall from high places to avoid threats, and use the swing of the appendage to control the aerodynamic force and aerial righting quickly. Landing posture to increase the success rate of belly landing on the original trunk. The purpose of the study was to observe the aerial manoeuvrability of ant workers in different habitats in Taiwan. The ant was dropped from the wind tunnel and recorded with a high speed camera. It was found that the arboreal ants quickly righting the body and balanced it with the aerodynamics when falling, and there were two kinds of aerial righting postures. However, there was no aerial ability for ground – dwelling ants. The arboreal ants have a higher chance to move horizontally and can use the posterior leg to attach to the wall of the working area, while the ground – dwelling ants tend to fall vertically. Through this study, we learned that Taiwan's arboreal ants have better aerial manoeuvrability and understand the behavior of ants in the wild.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻探討 3
一、空中機動性 3
二、定向空中降落 4
三、黑頭刺家蟻概論 5
四、無翅昆蟲之空中校正行為 6
五、螞蟻棲地與形態 7
參、材料與方法 8
一、實驗地點 8
二、實驗對象 8
三、風洞設計 8
四、試驗設計 12
五、影片分析 13
六、螞蟻附肢跗節構造 13
七、統計與分析 13
肆、結果 14
一、空中校正能力 14
二、空中校正姿勢 17
三、掉落軌跡 20
四、著邊能力 24
五、螞蟻附肢跗節構造 27
伍、討論 31
一、不同棲地的螞蟻空中機動性 31
二、螞蟻的空中校正姿勢 31
三、褥墊與跗爪 32
陸、結論與建議 34
柒、參考文獻 35

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