臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來臺灣由於經濟蓬勃發展、居住品質提昇及休閒旅遊盛行，致使許多坡地開發案孕育而生，但在開發設計的同時卻無考慮坡地非飽和殘積土壤之工程性質，因此隱藏了水土保持不當與坡地滑動之潛在危險。紅土為殘積土的一種，而臺灣地區紅土分布於西部一帶，其中林口台地為最大紅土台地之一，該台地之地下水位通常很深，以致地下水位上之紅土層通常呈現非飽和狀態，在大氣壓力下，這些非飽和土層中之初始孔隙水壓力通常為負值，而這負孔隙水壓力(基質吸力)在平時能增加土壤剪力強度，提高土坡之穩定性，但在發生連續降雨期後，地表雨水入滲至土層中，使土層原有之基質吸力減少，連帶降低土壤剪力強度，導致土坡發生滑動破壞，因此建構紅土之非飽和與飽和狀態之剪力強度為一項相當重要且急迫之課題。由於其主要紅土於USCS分類上屬CH，故本文針對CH的林口紅土為主要研究對象。將針對林口紅土台地所取得之現地不擾動土樣，透過改良式傳統三軸試驗儀，來探討在不同基質吸力下紅土之剪力強度變化情形，並搭配兩種控制不同含水量之擾動紅土做剪力強度之比較。接著以試驗所得之土壤水份特性曲線來預測紅土之非飽和剪力強度，並與三軸試驗結果作比較。最後建議將此量化之非飽和紅土剪力強度參數應用於工程實務上，使坡地設計開發能更精確地使用適當之土壤強度參數。

Due to rapid economics development, the enhancement of living quality and the demand on leisure traveling have resulted in massive hillside developments. Therefore, potential hazards such as improper water conservation and sliding of slopes are therefore followed. So, the engineering behavior of the soil slopes has become the most important discussion topic. Lateritic soil is a kind of residual soils that is widely distributed in the western part of Taiwan, in which Linkou terrace is the largest of them. The water table of Linkou terrace is very deep and hence the upper part of the soil layer is found in an unsaturated state. The negative pore water pressure (matric suction) contribute to the shear strength in general, but during rainy seasons, water infiltrate into the soil and reduce the matric suction and hence the shear strength. For this reason, the understanding of the shear strength behavior of the saturated and unsaturated lateritic soils is necessary. In this study, high plasticity lateritic soil (CH) was obtained from Linkou terrace and tested with a modified triaxial system at various matric suction levels. The shear strength was also estimated from the SWCC using various empirical equations and compared with the laboratory results. Good comparison has been obtained. Finally, an extended Mohr-Coulomb envelope for the study lateritic soil was also proposed.

摘　要 i
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Symbols and Abbreviations xix
Chapter 1　Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Objectives of Study 1
1.3 Methodology 2
1.4 Layout of Thesis 2
Chapter 2　Literature Review 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Composition of Unsaturated Soil 5
2.3 Theory of Unsaturated Soil 7
2.3.1 Theory of Soil Suction 7
2.3.2 Soil-Water Characteristic Curve 8
2.4 Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soil 12
2.4.1 Stress State of Unsaturated Soil 12
2.4.2 Failure Envelope for Unsaturated Soils 13
2.4.3 Triaxial Tests on Unsaturated Soils 18
2.4.4 Stress Paths for Triaxial Tests 19
2.4.5 Selection of Strain Rate 22
2.4.6 Previous Research on Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils 22
2.5 Lateritic Soil 25
2.5.1 Physical Properties of Lateritic soil 27
2.5.2 Chemical Properties of Lateritic soil 29
2.5.3 Engineering Properties of Lateritic soil 30
Chapter 3　Testing Program 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Field Drilling 35
3.2.1 Geology of Linkou Terrace 35
3.2.2 Drilling 36
Chapter 4　Results and Discussions 39
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 Results of Physical and Chemical Properties 39
4.3 Results of Compaction Test 43
4.4 Results of Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Tests 44
4.4.1 Results of Field Suction Test 44
4.4.2 Results of Filter Paper Test 47
4.4.3 Results of Tempe Pressure Cell Test 48
4.4.4 Results of Pressure Plate Extractor Test 53
4.4.5 Results of Salt Solution Method 56
4.5 Results of Swelling Test 60
4.6 Results of Shrinkage Test 64
4.7 Results of Triaxial Test 69
4.7.1 Results of Triaxial CU Test for Series A Specimens 69
4.7.2 Results of Triaxial CU Test for Series B Specimens 77
4.7.3 Results of Triaxial CU Test for Series C Specimens 84
4.7.4 Results of CD Test 91
4.7.5 Summary of Triaxial Test 93
4.8 Summary 98
4.8.1 Physical and Chemical Properties 98
4.8.2 Compaction Test 99
4.8.3 SWCC Test 99
4.8.4 Swelling Test 99
4.8.5 Shrinkage Test 100
4.8.6 Triaxial Test 100
Chapter 5　Estimations of Shear Strength 101
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Estimating SWCC from Grain-Size Distribution 101
5.2.1 Models for Grain-Size Distribution and SWCC 102
5.2.2 Predicted and Experimental Results 108
5.3 Other Fitting Equations for SWCC 110
5.3.1 Selected Fitting Models for this Study 113
5.3.2 Results of the Fitting SWCC 115
5.4 Predictions of Shear Strength from SWCC 120
5.4.1 Literature Review 120
5.4.2 Results of the Prediction 122
5.5 Comparison of Shear Strength 124
5.6 Summary 128
Chapter 6　Conclusions and Recommendations 129
6.1 Conclusions 129
6.2 Recommendations 130
References 133
Appendix　Testing Apparatus and Procedures 141
A.1 Soil Physical Properties Tests 141
A.1.1 Water Content Test 141
A.1.2 Specific Gravity Test 142
A.1.3 Grain-Size Distribution Test 143
A.1.4 Atterberg Limit Test 144
A.1.5 Unified Soil Classification System 146
A.2 Compaction Test 148
A.2.1 Testing Objective and Applications 148
A.2.2 Apparatus 149
A.2.3 Procedures 149
A.3 Tests of Soil Suction 150
A.3.1 Field Suction Test 150
A.3.2 Filter Paper Test 152
A.3.3 Tempe Pressure Cell Test 154
A.3.4 Pressure Plate Extractor Test 157
A.3.5 Salt Solution Method 161
A.4 Swelling Tests 164
A.4.1 Testing Objective and Applications 164
A.4.2 Apparatus 165
A.4.3 Procedures 165
A.5 Shrinkage Tests 167
A.5.1 Testing Objective and Applications 167
A.5.2 Apparatus 168
A.5.3 Procedures 169
A.6 Triaxial CU Test for Saturated Soil 170
A.6.1 Testing Objective and Applications 170
A.6.2 Apparatus 170
A.6.3 Procedures 171
A.7 Triaxial CU Test for Unsaturated Soil 173
A.7.1 Testing Objective and Applications 173
A.7.2 Apparatus 173
A.7.3 Procedures 176
A.8 Triaxial CD Test 178
A.8.1 Testing Objective and Applications 178
A.8.2 Apparatus 178
A.8.3 Procedures 179
作 者 簡 介 181

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