臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討以奈米分散技術製備氧化石墨烯混成材料，將氧化石墨烯混入聚氨酯(Polyurethane, PU)中，製備具阻氣能力之薄膜。研究以分散碳材為主軸，從第四章開始首先探討高分子型分散劑對不同氧化數之氧化石墨烯進行分散，並添加自行合成之聚乙基醚段鏈與異氰酸鹽衍生之高分子型界面活性劑(Poly(oxyethylene)-segmented urea, POEU)，控制氧化石墨烯與分散劑之不同比例下(1：1、1：10及1：20)，此POEU為非離子型親水/親油界面活性劑，從分子結構的觀點，苯環結構式存在於高分子型界面活性劑中，提供高分子界面活性劑與氧化石墨烯於界面上，促成π-π電子的影響，且構造上包含Urea的官能基，則Urea上之hydrogen bonding可使氧化石墨烯分子呈現可控制性分子級分散效應。最後將POEU/氧化石墨烯奈米混成物均勻分散於油性PU當中，控制氧化石墨烯不同氧化數含量(0%、4%、40%)以不同比例(0.5wt%、1wt%及3wt%)分散於PU高分子基材中，並比較不同片徑之石墨烯對阻氣能力之影響。由於氧化石墨烯本身的立體結構與高長寬比等特性，能在PU中形成立體結構障礙，作為阻擋氣體通過的路障，製作出具高阻氣能力的PU/氧化石墨烯複合薄膜，且機械性能上展現出極佳的效應。

Because of graphene oxide mechanical, and thermal properties, it is being explored for various applications and has attracted enormous academic and industrial interest. In this study, the preparation of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites with graphene oxide (GO) using a simple solution dispersion processing method with surfactant poly(oxyethylene)-segmented urea (POEU). Well-dispersed graphene oxide/PU nanocomposties have good gas barrier properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties. The gas barrier properties of the graphene oxide-based nanocomposite with molecule-level dispersion are significantly improved. Graphene layers in the polymer matrix are capable of producing a tortuous path, which acts as a barrier for gases. A high tortuosity leads to superior barrier properties and lower permeability of PU. PU/GO have a 44.31% increase in gas barrier properties. Furthermore, a 507% increase in tensile strength and a 96.26% improvement of toughness and a 19.75% increase of water contact angle and a 14.5% increase of degradation temperature are achieved by addition of 3wt% of GO 4% which oxygen content is 4%. The improved properties of the composite film could lead to potential applications in food package.

目錄
致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
第一章：緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機 3
第二章：文獻回顧 4
2.1奈米材料的演變 4
2.1.1石墨烯(Graphene) 4
2.1.2氧化石墨(Graphite oxide) 4
2.1.3氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide, GO) 5
2.1.4石墨烯的製備方法 7
2.2聚氨基甲酸酯(Polyurethane, PU) 10
2.3分散劑 14
2.3.1分散劑介紹 14
2.3.2分散劑聚醚胺介紹 15
2.4拉曼光譜檢測石墨烯 16
2.5石墨烯的分散 18
2.6液體濕潤表面特性 19
2.7阻氣性質介紹 23
2.7.1阻氣性質的應用 23
2.7.2阻隔氣體分子之機制 23
2.7.3高分子阻氣性薄膜 24
第三章：實驗方法 27
3.1實驗藥品與設備儀器 27
3.1.1藥品與耗材 27
3.1.2實驗設備 28
3.2實驗流程圖 30
3.3實驗步驟 31
3.3.1分散劑(Poly(oxyethylene)-segmented urea, POEU)合成 31
3.3.2製備氧化石墨烯分散溶液 31
3.3.3製備PU/氧化石墨烯阻氣薄膜 31
3.3.4分析儀器 32
第四章：PU/GO複合材料薄膜 40
4.1高分子型分散劑的合成鑑定 40
4.1.1 高分子型分散劑(Poly(oxyethylene)-segmented urea, POEU) 40
4.1.2傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析儀(FTIR) 41
4.1.3凝膠滲透層析儀(GPC) 42
4.1.4分散劑於不同溶劑中的溶解情形 45
4.2拉曼光譜儀鑑定不同含氧量之GO 47
4.3製備GO分散溶液 49
4.4高分子型分散劑對氧化石墨烯分散於溶劑之影響 52
4.4.1分散劑比例不同對氧化石墨烯分散於有機溶劑之影響 52
4.4.2分散劑與GO不同比例分散於有機溶劑的情形 54
4.4.3分散劑對不同含氧數的GO分散於有機溶劑中之影響 57
4.5 製備PU/GO複合薄膜 62
4.6 檢測PU/GO複合薄膜之性質 62
4.6.1探討PU/GO複合薄膜之接觸角 62
4.6.2探討PU/GO複合薄膜之熱重損失分析(TGA) 65
4.6.3探討PU/GO複合薄膜之機械性質 70
4.6.4探討PU/GO複合薄膜之阻氣能力 75
4.6.5探討PU/GO複合薄膜之TEM截面 77
第五章：結論 79
第六章：參考文獻 80

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