臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於營建工程之水泥質材料常添加液態矽酸鈉(水玻璃)以達早凝需求，但又遭遇凝結過速影響施工之困擾，而若改用固態矽酸鈉作為添加劑，則有可能是解決方式。但因固態矽酸鈉取得不易，故較少有相關研究及可供參考數據。
本研究主要針對固態矽酸鈉若應用作為水泥質材料時，相關需求之反應性能探討，並藉由各種試驗來加以驗證。試驗變數包括固(液)態矽酸鈉、水淬高爐爐石粉及水泥之摻加比例，固定因數則為拌合水及細骨材之拌合比例，整體試驗分為三類來測試。
經試驗結果顯示，添加固態矽酸鈉之各組試體確有較早凝之性能，但凝結時間又比使用液態矽酸鈉者為長。而其模數越低凝結時間越短，這與其Na2O含量較高引發更激烈鹼激發反應有關。
在抗壓強度試驗結果上，添加液態矽酸鈉及水淬高爐爐石粉之試體強度遠低於未添加之對照組。至於添加固態矽酸鈉之試體，當摻用較高模數者時(M=3)，因SiO2含量較高使其長短期之強度皆優於基準對照組 ; 但當摻用較低模數時(M=1)，其長期強度則較基準對照組低。另外亦觀察到當水淬高爐爐石粉使用比例越高時，其影響降低強度之程度越明顯。
由於採用不同模數對應凝結時間及抗壓強度之表現不同，在使用時亦應針對用途需求，配合合宜配比設計，方可確保品質及使用安全。
再經由吸水率試驗結果顯現，高模數固態矽酸鈉之試體吸水率較低，緻密性較高，更可驗證其試體抗壓強度較優之現象。
經綜合分析探討後，對【僅考量凝結時間無特殊強度要求者】，添加固態矽酸鈉皆可考量採用，並經針對用途需求透過合宜之配比設計，應可將固態矽酸鈉添加於水泥質材料中使用。但對【考量凝結時間並需兼顧材料強度要求者】，則只宜較高模數之固態矽酸鈉有可能成為此條件下之水泥質材料添加劑 ; 而低模數者及摻加爐石粉或液態矽酸納者較不合宜。

Since the liquid sodium silicate (water glass) has the ability to reach earlier setting which is the admixture likely to be used in construction for the cementitious materials. However, construction may affect by the rapid setting coagulation. Thus, the possible alternative solution is using the solid sodium silicate.The solid sodium silicate can not be obtained easily; therefore, there are few related researches and reference data in this area.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sodium silicate on the performance of cementitious materials , and is verified by various tests .Testing variables include the mixing ratio of solid (liquid) sodium silicate, granulated blast-furnace slag and cement mixing ratio. The fixed control variable is mixing ratio of fine aggregate and mixing water. The overall test is divided into three groups.
As the testing result, the groups with solid sodium silicate had ability to reach earlier setting, but the setting time was longer than the group with the addition of liquid sodium silicate. The lower the molar ratio is, the shorter the setting time is, which is caused by the higher content of Na2O could initiate intense alkali-activate reaction.
Compressive strength test results showed that the strength of the addition of liquid sodium silicate and granulated blast-furnace slag was well below than the control groups. As for the samples with the addition of solid sodium silicate, when the higher molar ratio was used (M=3), the compressive strength was better than the control groups in long term and short term due to the higher content of SiO2. However, when the lower molar ratio was used (M=1), the compressive strength in long term was lower than the control groups. Moreover, it was observed that when the proportion of granulated blast-furnace slag was higher, the effect of reducing the compressive strength was more obvious.
As the use of different molar ratio corresponding to the different setting time and the performance of compressive strength is different; therefore, to ensure quality and safety, the appropriate mixing design is necessary.
Through the water absorption test results showed that higher molar ratio of solid sodium silicate had lower water absorption and denser, which could verify the phenomenon of the higher compressive strength.
After the discussion of a comprehensive analysis,【when only considering the setting time without special strength requirements】, the addition of solid sodium silicate can be used. And, solid sodium silicate could add into cementitious material with the appropriate mixing design. However, 【in considering setting time and taking the material strength requirements into account】, the higher molar ratio of solid sodium silicate may be suggested as the admixture of cementitious materials under the conditions. Besides, the solid sodium silicate with lower molar ratio and mixed with granulated blast-furnace slag or liquid sodium silicate are not suggested for this condition.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 III
圖目次 VII
表目次 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究方法 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 矽酸鈉成份及特性 6
2.1.1 矽酸鈉成份與生產方式 6
2.1.2 矽酸鈉分類 8
2.1.3 固態矽酸鈉特性 8
2.1.4 矽酸鈉應用 9
2.2 卜特蘭水泥成份與特性 10
2.2.1 卜特蘭水泥成份 10
2.2.2 卜特蘭水化反應 12
2.3 高爐爐石粉成份與特性 14
2.3.1高爐爐石粉之效能 14
2.3.2 鋼鐵冶煉及產出爐石 16
2.3.3 高爐爐石產出來源與特性 17
2.3.4 水淬高爐爐石粉的分類與性質 18
2.3.5 混凝土添加水淬高爐爐石粉的特性 21
2.4矽酸鈉相關研究檢討 24
2.4.1矽酸鈉對抗壓強度之影響 24
2.4.2 矽酸鈉對凝結時間之影響 27
2.4.3 矽酸鈉其他相關研究或規定 29
第三章 試驗計畫 33
3.1 試驗內容及流程規劃 33
3.2 試體配比 37
3.2.1 試體配比評估 37
3.2.2 試驗試體配比編碼說明 39
3.2.3 混合砂漿試體配比彙整 39
3.3 試驗方法與設備 42
3.3.1 試驗用材料 42
3.3.2 吸水率試驗 45
3.3.3混合水泥砂漿試體抗壓強度試驗 46
3.3.4 pH值試驗 47
3.3.5混合水泥砂漿凝結時間試驗 48
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1 主要試驗項目 50
4.2 pH值試驗 50
4.2.1 pH值試驗結果 50
4.2.2 pH值試驗結果分析與討論 52
4.3施工工作性觀察 53
4.3.1 泌水現象觀察結果 53
4.3.2 觀察結果分析與討論 54
4.4試體凝結時間試驗 55
4.4.1凝結時間試驗結果 55
4.4.2凝結時間試驗結果分析與討論 61
4.5　試體抗壓強度試驗 68
4.5.1試體抗壓強度試驗結果 68
4.5.2抗壓強度試驗結果分析與討論 72
4.6　試體吸水率試驗 80
4.6.1 吸水率試驗結果 80
4.6.2吸水率試驗結果分析與討論 81
第五章 結論與建議 82
5.1分項結論 82
5.2綜合結論 84
5.3後續建議 85
參考文獻 86
附件 相關標準 88
誌謝 90

【1】碱-激發水泥和混凝土 (Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes)
史才軍、鄭克仁 編譯 / 原作者 : 史才軍、Pavel V. Krivenko、 Della Roy –2008.7

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https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=硅酸鈉&oldid=32863573

【3】The OxyChem Sodium Silicates Handbook
by OxyChem Company

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內政部營建署，2014。

【7】公共工程高爐石混凝土使用手冊
行政院公共工程委員會編撰。

【8】國外爐石/碴之應用
張復盛，許伯良，中國鑛冶工程學會會刊，227期，2014。

【9】低碳隔間-高含量爐石粉水泥砂漿板研究
呂佩珈，桃園創新技術學院，碩士論文，2014。

【10】Effect of Water-Solids Ratio on the Compressive Strength and Morphology of Fly Ash-Waste Glass Geopolymer Mortars
by Matthew S. Jansen Mary U. Christiansen –2015

【11】Optimum mix for the geopolymer concrete
by M.I. Abdul Aleem and P.D. Arumairaj –2012


【12】Effect of Variability of Fly Ash Obtained from the Same Source on the Characteristics of Geopolymer
by Antoni、 Juan Satris、 Agung Sugiarto、 and Djwantoro Hardjito –2017

【13】鹼活化鋼碴混凝土量產技術之開發與研究
呂東璇、陳崇智、吳明富、黃雅蘭 著—2014

【14】The Use of Silicate Solutions to Cure Concrete
by Jennifer Crisman—2007

【15】Application-Oriented Chemicsl Optimization of a Metakaolin Based Geopolymer
by Claudio Ferone、 Francesco Colangelo、Gluseppina Roviello、 Domenico Asprone、 Costantino Menna、 Alberto Balsamo、 Andrea Prota、 Raffaele Cioffi 、and Gaetano Manfredi—2013

【16】公共工程施工綱要規範第02351章及第02352章
行政院公共工程委員會編撰

【17】Sodium Silicate a Binder for the 21st Century
by Mike McDonald、 Judy LaRosa Thompson –PQ Corporation

【18】Effect of Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide and Degree of Heat Curing on Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Morta
by Subhash V. Patankar Yuwaraj M. Ghugal and Sanjay S. Jamkar –2014

【19】東南水泥官方網站
http://www.southeastcement.com.tw/index.php?q=node/27